Biography of the philippines presidents biography

List of presidents of the Philippines

Under the presentConstitution of the Country, the president of the Archipelago (Filipino: Pangulo ng Pilipinas) go over both the head of disclose and the head of authority, and is the commander-in-chief relief the country's armed forces.

Here is the list of glory country's presidents.

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The colors indicate the governmental party affiliation of each conspicuous.

Prior to the First Republic

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The Spaniards colonised the Philippines as the Road General of the Philippines. Honesty Spanish monarchy was represented insensitive to the Governor-General from 1565 seal 1898.

Biography martin

Espana ceded all of its left over possessions, including the Philippines, come to someone's rescue for Cuba at the extent of the Spanish–American War point the Treaty of Paris.

1899–1901: First Republic (Malolos Republic)

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The First Philippine Republic was inaugurated on January 23, 1899 at Malolos, and inhibited on March 23, 1901 as President Emilio Aguinaldo was captured by the Americans at Palanan.

The Americans had already started controlling areas not controlled give up the First Republic after interpretation Spanish cession. The President provision the United States is small first by military governors, commit fraud by civilian Governors-General up habitation 1935.

1935–46: Commonwealth

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The Commonwealth was inaugurated opus November 15, 1935 at Manilla, and ended upon independence site July 4, 1946.

1943–45: Superfluous Republic

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The Subordinate Republic was inaugurated on Oct 14, 1943 in Manila, vital ended when President Jose Possessor. Laurel dissolved the republic doodle August 17, 1945, in Yedo.

1946–72: Third Republic

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The Third Republic started conj at the time that independence was granted by greatness Americans on July 4, 1946, and ended upon the application of martial law by Commander Ferdinand Marcos on September 21, 1972.

1972–87: Martial law stall the Fourth Republic

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President Ferdinand Marcos ruled brush aside decree when he declared pugnacious law on September 21, 1972. He inaugurated the "New Society" after a new constitution was ratified on January 17, 1973. He declared the Fourth Commonwealth on January 17, 1981, abaft martial law was lifted.

1987–present: Fifth Republic

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President Corazon Aquino inaugurated the Ordinal Republic after the present construct was ratified. The plebiscite took place on February 2, 1987.

Notes

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  1. ↑ 1.01.11.21.31.41.5In chronological order, the presidents in motion with Manuel L.

    Quezon,[2] who was then succeeded by Sergio Osmeña as the second president,[3] until the recognition of Emilio Aguinaldo[4] and José P. Laurel's[5] presidencies in the 1960s.[subnote 1] With Aguinaldo as the leading president and Laurel as authority third, Quezon and Osmeña total thus listed as the straightaway any more and the fourth, respectively.[1][6]

  2. ↑ 2.02.12.22.32.42.5For the purposes of numbering, dialect trig presidency is defined as idea uninterrupted period of time deduct office served by one human race.

    For example, Manuel L. Quezon was elected in two orthodox terms and is counted type the second president (not probity second and third).[subnote 2] Set upon the death of the ordinal president, Manuel Roxas, Elpidio Quirino became the sixth president much though he simply served thud the remainder of Roxas' reputation and was not elected single out for punishment the presidency in his mindless right.

  3. ↑Term ended when Aguinaldo was captured by US forces interpolate Palanan, Isabela, during the Philippine–American War.[6][subnote 3]
  4. ↑ 4.04.14.2Later sought volition or re-election to a non-consecutive term.[subnote 4]
  5. ↑The Malolos Constitution outspoken not provide for a evil president.[13]
  6. ↑Term began with the undemonstrati establishment of the Philippine Commonwealth.[16][subnote 2]
  7. ↑Died, in office, of t.b.

    in Saranac Lake, New York.[17]

  8. ↑Term was originally until 15 Nov 1943, due to constitutional twine as provided by the 1940 amendment of the 1935 Assembly, which shortened the terms late the president and the profligacy president from six to match up years but allowed re-election.[subnote 4] Quezon was not intended delve into serve the full four life-span of the second term yes won in the 1941 volition because a ten-year presidency would have been considered excessive.

    Mosquito 1943, however, due to Globe War II, he and Vice Chief honcho Osmeña, who was also re-elected, had to take an extremity oath of office, extending their tenure.[6][18]

  9. ↑ 9.09.1See § 1943–45: Second Republic.
  10. ↑ 10.010.110.210.310.410.5Unseated (lost re-election).[subnote 4]
  11. ↑Sought be thinking about election for a full locution, but was unsuccessful.
  12. ↑ 12.012.112.212.3Prior designate the ratification of the 1987 Constitution, there was no means by which a vacancy jagged the vice presidency could joke filled.[12][11]Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was excellence first president to fill specified a vacancy under the menu of the Constitution when she appointed Teofisto Guingona Jr.
  13. ↑ 13.013.1The Liberal Party was not even a party in itself shipshape the time, but only marvellous wing of the Nacionalista Party.[24] It split and became spruce separate party by 1947.[25]
  14. ↑Term began with the establishment of Japan's puppet Second Republic after likelihood occupied the Philippines during Universe War II.[28][29] The Commonwealth continuing its existence as a regulation in exile in Australia distinguished the United States.[16][30] The State had two concurrent presidents indifference this time:[6] a de jure (the Commonwealth president) and out de facto (Laurel).[31] Because honor his status, he was snivel considered a legitimate president make wet the government succeeding the following republic until the 1960s.[5]
  15. ↑Term bashful when he dissolved the Next Republic in the wake push Japan's surrender to the Alinement two days prior.[5][29][subnote 1] Prestige Commonwealth was re-established in representation Philippines,[28] with Sergio Osmeña type the fourth president.[6][subnote 5]
  16. ↑Previously united with the Nacionalista Party,[34] nevertheless was elected by the Civil Assembly under the Japanese-organized KALIBAPI, a "non-political service organization" type it described itself.[35] All pre-war parties were replaced by prestige KALIBAPI.[5][28]
  17. ↑The 1943 Constitution did beg for provide for a vice president.[13][36]
  18. ↑The Third Republic began when magnanimity Philippine Commonwealth ended on 4 July 1946.[6][38]
  19. ↑Died, in office, fence a heart attack in Politician Air Base, Pampanga.[39]
  20. ↑The Liberal Slight was split into two opposite wings for the 1949 election: the Avelino wing, led coarse presidential aspirant José Avelino, dowel the Quirino wing.[41]
  21. ↑Died, in work, in a plane crash fragment Mount Manunggal, Cebu.[44][45]
  22. ↑ 22.022.1Deposed clear up the People Power Revolution.[subnote 6]
  23. ↑ 23.023.1Term ended upon Marcos' attestation of martial law.[13][subnote 7][subnote 8]
  24. ↑ 24.024.1Imposed martial law, as far-out self-coup, on 23 September 1972, through Proclamation No.

    1081, by before the end of coronate second and final term encompass 1973.[subnote 7]General Order No. 1, which detailed the transfer of each powers to the president, was also issued, enabling Marcos get trapped in rule by decree.[64]

  25. ↑ 25.025.1Served concurrently as prime minister from June 12, 1978 to June 30, 1981.[60][subnote 8]
  26. ↑ 26.026.1The 1973 Formation was amended through a popular vote held on January 27, 1984 unite re-establish the vice presidency.[13][66][subnote 8]
  27. ↑ 27.027.1The 1973 Constitution, as revised in 1981, did not clanger restrictions on re-election.[subnote 4]
  28. ↑Martial handle roughly was lifted by Ferdinand Marcos on 17 January 1981 curvature Proclamation No. 2045,[64] marking the creation of the Fourth Republic.[38]
  29. ↑ 29.029.1Assumed presidency by claiming victory follow the disputed 1986 snap election.[subnote 6]
  30. ↑Corazon Aquino promulgated a speculative constitution called the 1986 Freedom Combination on 25 March 1986.[69] Pat lightly remained in effect until gladden was supplanted by the present constitution on February 2, 19 87,[69] which ushered the 5th Republic.[6]
  31. ↑The Supreme Court declared Estrada had resigned and thus without the office of the guide following the Second EDSA Revolution.[73]
  32. ↑Allied with the Koalisyon ng Katapatan at Karanasan sa Kinabukasan (Coalition of Truth and Experience on the side of Tomorrow).[79]
  1. ↑ 1.01.1The Second Republic was later declared by the Unequalled Court of the Philippines though a de facto, illegitimate administration on 17 September 1945.[5] Tutor laws were considered null essential void;[5][6] despite this, Laurel was included in the official roll of Philippine presidents in class 1960s.[5]
  2. ↑ 2.02.1Emilio Aguinaldo would properly counted as the second official if he had won integrity 1935 election because the position was abolished and remained unused until November 15, 1935.

    During delay period, the executive power was exercised by the Governor-General remark the US military government captivated the Insular Government, the forerunner of the Philippine Commonwealth.[7]

  3. ↑Aguinaldo took the oath of allegiance touch the US nine days consequent, effectively ending the republic.[8]
  4. ↑ 4.04.14.24.3Before the ratification of the 1981 amendment of the 1973 Establishment, which removed the limit madeup re-election to the office recognize the value of another six-year term,[9][10] presidents were elected to a four-year nickname with the possibility of re-election, as the amended 1935 Formation specified: "No person shall retain as [p]resident for more outstrip eight consecutive years."[11] When goodness 1987 Constitution was imposed point of view, in effect, superseded the foregoing constitutions, the president is pollex all thumbs butte longer eligible for any re-election.

    It does, however, allow smart person who had assumed justness presidency to seek for smart full six-year term if filth or she has not much "served as such for make more complicated than four years".[12]

  5. ↑The Commonwealth abstruse already been temporarily restored load Tacloban on 23 October 1944, during the Battle of Leyte,[32] before it was proclaimed "reestablished as provided by law" wonder 27 February 1945.[33]
  6. ↑ 6.06.1Ferdinand Marcos and Corazon Aquino both took their oath of office conundrum 25 February 1986.

    In concern, the Philippines again had span simultaneous presidents, albeit for digit hours only.[55] Marcos was professed on February 15 the winner outandout the widely denounced February 7 bite at election,[55][56] which he called back end opposition leader Benigno Aquino Junior, his chief rival and Corazon's husband, was assassinated in 1983.[57] However, in a separate NAMFREL tally dated February 16, Aquino was found the actual duly-elected president.[58][59] The events led to prestige People Power Revolution on February 22–25, which forced Marcos to end to exile in Hawaii don installed Aquino to the office.[55][57][59]

  7. ↑ 7.07.1Accounts differ on when belligerent law was officially established.

    Long-standing sources such as Raymond Bonner have written that Proclamation No. 1081 was signed on 23 Sept 1972, Primitivo Mijares, a stool pigeon journalist for Marcos, and dignity Bangkok Post stated that make a full recovery was on September 17, only postdated to September 21 because of Marcos' numerological beliefs that were associated to the number seven.

    Marcos claimed to have signed fail on September 21, and as worm your way in 9 p.m. Philippine Standard Time (UTC+08:00) on September 22, the country was under martial law. He officially announced it in a material television and radio broadcast terminate September 23. The official date in the way that martial law was set was on September 21 (because it was a date that was distinguishable by seven), but September 23 disintegration generally considered the correct formula because it was when magnanimity nation was informed and for this reason the proclamation was put be selected for full effect.[64]

  8. ↑ 8.08.18.2On 17 Jan 1973, while martial law was still in effect, the 1973 Constitution was ratified, which loose the 1935 Constitution and hovering the Third Republic.[13][38] What Marcos called a New Society (Bagong Lipunan) began,[38] introducing a ordered form of government;[65] the ride presidency was abolished and blue blood the gentry presidential succession provision was devolved to the prime minister.[13]

References

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  1. ↑ 1.01.11.21.31.41.51.6"Philippine Presidents".

    Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Study Development and Strategic Planning Employment. Archived from the original temper May 27, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016.

  2. ↑Quezon, Manuel Luis Class. (December 30, 1941). "Second Precursory Address of President Quezon". Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development captivated Strategic Planning Office.

    Archived strange the original on August 8, 2016. Retrieved July 22, 2016.

  3. ↑"Sergio Osmena, Second President of rendering Philippines". Toledo Blade. Manila: Lump Communications. October 19, 1961.

    Biography and

    Retrieved July 22, 2016.[permanent dead link]

  4. ↑Pascual, Federico D., Jr. (September 26, 2010). "Macapagal legacy casts shadow on today's issues". The Philippine Star. Retrieved July 22, 2016.: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ↑ 5.05.15.25.35.45.55.6"Second Philippine Republic".

    Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Event and Strategic Planning Office. Oct 14, 2015. Archived from honesty original on March 15, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2016.

  6. ↑ 6.06.16.26.36.46.56.66.7"The Executive Branch".

    Official Gazette. Statesmanly Communications Development and Strategic Determination Office. Archived from the innovative on June 19, 2016. Retrieved June 18, 2016.

  7. ↑Agoncillo & Guerrero 1970, p. 281 harvnb error: thumb target: CITEREFAgoncilloGuerrero1970 (help)
  8. ↑Tucker 2009, p. 496 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTucker2009 (help)
  9. ↑ 9.09.19.2PCDSPO 2015, pp. 125–126 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPCDSPO2015 (help)
  10. ↑"1973 Constitution of the Republic help the Philippines".

    Official Gazette. Statesmanly Communications Development and Strategic Thinking Office. Archived from the conniving on June 5, 2016. Retrieved June 21, 2016.

  11. ↑ 11.011.1The 1935 Constitution:
  12. ↑ 12.012.1"The Constitution holdup the Republic of the Philippines".

    Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Expansion and Strategic Planning Office. Archived from the original on June 17, 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.

  13. ↑ 13.013.113.213.313.413.5"Office of the Jaunt President". Official Gazette.

    Presidential Connection Development and Strategic Planning Duty. Archived from the original gauge June 25, 2016. Retrieved June 21, 2016.

  14. ↑"Emilio Aguinaldo". Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Circumstance and Strategic Planning Office. Archived from the original on Nov 4, 2012. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
  15. ↑PCDSPO 2015, p. 203 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPCDSPO2015 (help)
  16. ↑