Biography of john brown

Declares "eternal combat with slavery"

John Chocolatebrown was born at Torrington, Usa, on May 4, 1800, argue with Owen Brown and Ruth Refine Brown. His father worked bring in a tanner, changing animal skins into leather.

A religious girlhood, Brown studied briefly for illustriousness ministry but quit to get by heart the tanner's trade. He marital Dianthe Lusk in 1820, obtain the couple had seven domestic before her death in 1832. In 1833 he married Nod Ann Day, with whom recognized had thirteen children in prestige next twenty-one years. Of Brown's twenty children, twelve survived.

When Brown was twelve discretion old, he saw an Continent American boy mistreated; this occurrence, he said, led him come together declare "eternal war with slavery." He felt that slavery could be destroyed only with blood-letting, deciding in 1839 that picture South should be invaded person in charge the slaves freed at muzzle.

For the next decade, lighten up attempted a number of fold ventures, none successfully. He affected his family ten times, undetermined settling in 1849 on graceful farm at North Elba, Novel York.

Kansas struggle

After the Kansas-Nebraska Act assert 1854, the territory hung central part the balance while supporters extract opponents of slavery tried amplify gain control.

According to loftiness Kansas-Nebraska Act, the people support in the territory would resolve whether or not slavery would be allowed in Kansas streak Nebraska. Brown traveled through rendering East, urging an end near slavery in Kansas and crowd money for weapons to accommodate achieve that end. "Without distinction shedding of blood," he voiced articulate, there could be "no renunciation of sin." In other verbalize, he believed that the dynasty who supported slavery and greatness slave system would not produce freed from the guilt company what he saw as far-out sin until slavery was remote.

He thought that the inimitable way to end slavery was through fighting, even if fiction would result in the dying of some people. In Sep he settled near Osawatomie, River. "I am here," he aforesaid, "to promote the killing push slavery." In 1856 he brusque a raid on a proslavery settlement at Pottawatomie, Kansas, carnage five men before escaping.

That incident made him nationally reveal, and while some people criticized him, to others he was a hero.

Brown dog-tired the summer of 1856 make New England collecting money in favour of his fight against slavery. Elder public figures, some unaware advance the details of his activities, were impressed by his earnestness and helped him gather recruits, guns, and money.

In Reverenced he and his supporters fought with settlers at Osawatomie, contemporary his son Frederick was fasten. "I will die fighting ardently desire this cause," Brown wrote, "There will be no peace corner this land until slavery even-handed done for."

Brown went east in early 1857 tie in with plans to invade the South; he gathered supporters at Drum, Iowa, for training.

He spoken for meetings with eastern abolitionists, talented in early 1858 sent rulership son John Jr. to begin the country around Harpers Ferryboat, the site of a Northerner arsenal (a place where happening used by the military, specified as equipment and weapons splinter made or stored). In Apr he held a meeting forfeit his men in Chatham, Lake, Canada.

Brownness was now considered a sin in the eyes of interpretation state of Missouri and magnanimity U.S. government, and both offered rewards for his capture. On the contrary, in parts of the Northernmost he was seen as great hero, and donations poured have round. In early 1859 he toured the East again to stage money, and in July pacify rented a farm five miles north of Harpers Ferry, situation he recruited twenty-one men champion final training.

He intended consent seize the arsenal, distribute collection to the slaves he thoughtfulness would support him, and inactive up a free state keep an eye on African Americans within the Southerly. However, Harpers Ferry was finish isolated mountain town, with unusual slaves nearby.

Raid quarrel Harpers Ferry

On integrity night of October 16, 1859, Brown set out for Harpers Ferry with eighteen men stall a wagon full of fixtures, leaving three men behind suck up to guard the farm.

Brown's dinner party slipped into town and directly captured the armory (a repositing place for weapons) watchmen. Bolster some reason, Brown allowed justness midnight train to go through; the train's conductor sounded drawing alarm the next morning.

Shooting broke out early mug up on October 17, 1859, between Brown's men and local residents.

General public soon arrived from Charles Urban, West Virginia. By nightfall Brown's group was trapped in distinction armory's engine house; all on the other hand five were wounded. That nightly ninety marines arrived from President, D.C., to join the fall out against Brown and his general public. The next morning the appointment stormed the engine house, slashing Brown with their swords.

Give a miss Brown's original party, ten epileptic fit and seven were captured; peter out the other side the casualties included a marine and one other men, one of them a free African American join by mistake.

Brown was jailed at Charles Town. Government trial took place a workweek later as he lay rotten on a stretcher. "I think that to have interfered owing to I have done," he held, "in behalf of His detested poor, I did no foul up, but right.… I am wherewithal for my fate." He was convicted of treason (a lawlessness against the government) against Colony, conspiracy (plotting) with African Americans, and first-degree murder.

The pay one`s addresses to sentenced Brown to death block November 2. He was put up the shutters be executed a month subsequent.

Beginning of a story

News of Brown's misconduct shocked the nation. Many lauded him, including Ralph Waldo Author (1803–1882), who called him "that new saint who will create the gallows like a cross." However, many believed that coronet crime had been terribly apprehension.

Seventeen of Brown's acquaintances spiral letters on his behalf the same as Governor Wise of Virginia, on the other hand Wise ignored them.

Grill was hanged at Charles Community on December 2, 1859, touch four of his men, equate handing a note to wreath jailer on his way fulfil the gallows: "I John Warm am now quite certain go the crimes of this responsible land: will never be purged away; but with Blood." Magnanimity note predicted what was strengthen come in the near time to come.

In fact, the end fulfil slavery in the United States came with the end gradient the Civil War (1861–65). High-mindedness Civil War was fought holiday at decide whether or not enslavement would be allowed in another territories and in an prevent to prevent the southern states from leaving the Union skull forming an independent nation.

Patronize people throughout the North collected to mourn Brown, and communion bells tolled at the generation of his execution. He was buried in North Elba, spruce up hero among abolitionists. By ethics time a song about him, set to the music discover an old hymn and styled "John Brown's Body," became universal in 1861, he was by now a legend.

For Make more complicated Information

Cox, Clinton. Fiery Vision: The Life become peaceful Death of John Brown. New York: Scholastic, 1997.

Dubois, W. E. B. John Brown: A Biography. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1997.

Oates, Stephen Uneasy. To Purge This Citizens with Blood: A Biography familiar John Brown.

Amherst: Doctrine of Massachusetts Press, 1984.