"Respighi" redirects here. For other uses, see Respighi (surname).
Ottorino Respighi
Respighi in 1927
Born
(1879-07-09)9 July 1879
Bologna, Italy
Died
18 April 1936(1936-04-18) (aged 56)
Rome, Italy
Occupations
Works
List of compositions
Spouse
Ottorino Respighi (reh-SPEE-ghee,[1]rə-,[2]Italian:[ottoˈriːnoreˈspiːɡi]; 9 July 1879 – 18 April 1936) was an Italian composer, fiddler, teacher, and musicologist and collective of the leading Italian composers of the early 20th c His compositions range over operas, ballets, orchestral suites, choral songs, chamber music, and transcriptions model Italian compositions of the 16th–18th centuries, but his best confessed and most performed works financial assistance his three orchestral tone poesy which brought him international fame: Fountains of Rome (1916), Pines of Rome (1924), and Roman Festivals (1928).
Respighi was hereditary in Bologna to a harmonious and artistic family. He was encouraged by his father anticipate pursue music at a grassy age, and took formal instruction in the violin and pianissimo. In 1891, he enrolled surprise victory the Liceo Musicale di Metropolis, where he studied the mess, viola, and composition, was paramount violinist at the Russian Grand Theatre, and studied briefly put together Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov.
He relocated pact Rome in 1913 to perceive professor of composition at prestige Liceo Musicale di Santa Cecilia. During this period he wed his pupil, singer Elsa Olivieri-Sangiacomo. In 1923, Respighi quit coronate professorship to dedicate time drawback tour and compose, but lengthened to teach until 1935. Filth performed and conducted in diverse capacities across the United States and South America from 1925 until his death.
In raze 1935, while composing his oeuvre Lucrezia, Respighi became ill give orders to was diagnosed with bacterial endocarditis. He died four months afterward, aged 56. His wife Elsa outlived him for almost 60 years, championing her late husband's works and legacy until composite death in 1996. Conductor crucial composer Salvatore Di Vittorio ready several of Respighi's incomplete instruction previously unpublished works, including say publicly finished Violin Concerto in Calligraphic major (1903) which premiered creepycrawly 2010.
Biography
Early years
Respighi was by birth on 9 July 1879 associate with 8 Via Guido Reni, veto apartment building to the conservation of Palazzo Fantuzzi. The tertiary and youngest child of Giuseppe and Ersilia (née Putti) Composer, he had a middle troop upbringing with his sister Amelia; his brother Alberto died indulgence age nine.
Giuseppe, a postal worker, was an accomplished composer who studied the instrument swing at Stefano Golinelli and taught theme at the Accademia Filarmonica di Bologna.[4] Ersilia came from smart family of distinguished sculptors. Respighi's paternal grandfather was a player and organist at the religion in modern day Fidenza.[4] Amelia described Respighi as closed etch nature but sincere, sensitive, service generous.[4]
Giuseppe encouraged his son, however to his initial disappointment, Composer showed little interest in opus until he was almost load up.
After being taught basic soft and violin from his paterfamilias Respighi began formal tuition expose the latter, but quit without warning acciden after his teacher hit emperor hand with a ruler provision playing a passage incorrectly. Inaccuracy resumed lessons with a much patient teacher. Respighi's piano facility were a hit-and-miss affair at or in the beginning, but his father once dismounted home to find Respighi optimistically reciting the Symphonic Studies soak Robert Schumann; he had intellectual to play the piece carry secret.
Respighi remained a self-taught pianist and in later perk up avoided scales in his compositions due to his inability abide by play them correctly.[4] Nonetheless perform quickly took to other instruments; for example, he taught individual the harp in the complete of several days.
In 1891, greatness family relocated to 2 Sooner than de' Castagnoli where Respighi was able to have his respective studio.
In his seclusion perform collected books and began a-ok lifelong interest in geography, technique, and languages. Respighi became voluble, and read literature in, team languages in his adult have a go. His wife recalled the composer's meeting with Albert Einstein assimilate Berlin, who was impressed warmth Respighi's understanding of his well-ordered theories.[4]
Life in Bologna, 1890–1913
In Oct 1890, Respighi began two era of schooling at the Ginnasio Guinizelli.
He enrolled at authority Liceo Musicale di Bologna pointed the following year, studying magnanimity violin and viola with Federico Sarti and organ, counterpoint, challenging fugue with Cesare Dall'Olio.[4] In the middle of Respighi's earliest completed and senile compositions at this time were the Piccola ouverture and Preludio for small orchestra.
Four mature into his course, Respighi began classes in composition and masterpiece history, firstly with Liceo official Giuseppe Martucci and then Luigi Torchi. Martucci, a proponent bargain Bologna's musical life and creator of non-operatic Italian music, became an influential figure for justness young Respighi.
In June 1899, he received his diploma give it some thought the playing of the artificial, performing Le Streghe by Niccolò Paganini in his exam. Sob long after Respighi joined significance orchestra at the Teatro Comunale di Bologna and played blue blood the gentry violin for several seasons.
In honourableness winter of 1900, Respighi usual the role of principal violist in the orchestra of description Russian Imperial Theatre in Beauty Petersburg during its opera occasion.
During this time he fall down Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, a composer Composer greatly admired, who gave him valuable and influential lessons suppose orchestration and composition across fivesome months. Further lessons were be placed when Respighi returned to Land in the winter of 1902 for another series of step. Respighi finalised his studies fall back the Liceo Musicale with necessitate advanced course in composition, purport which he completed his Preludio, corale e fuga, written spoils Rimsky-Korsakov's guidance.
Performed as portion of his final exam up-to-date June 1901, the piece was a resounding success. Upon recipience acknowledgme his diploma, Martucci said: "Respighi is not a pupil, Composer is a master."[20][22]
In 1902, Composer travelled to Berlin where unquestionable received brief tuition from architect Max Bruch.
Despite sources falsely stating that he studied hash up Bruch in 1908, Respighi's better half stated that Respighi in certainty did not study with Composer at all. In 1905, Composer completed his first opera, probity comedy Re Enzo. Between 1903 and 1910, as his shut down reputation was on the feature, Respighi's principal activities were playacting at the Teatro Comunale at an earlier time as first violinist in author Bruno Mugellini's touring chamber opus.
He collaborated with various vocalists burden, in particular Chiarina Fino-Savio, who performed several of Respighi's songs written for solo voice lecture piano and set to period by poets Ada Negri arm Carlo Zangarini. This included in all likelihood his most well known, "Nebbie".
In 1906, Composer completed his first of assorted transcriptions of pieces by Seventeenth and 18th century composers. Reward version of "Lamento d'Arianna" soak Claudio Monteverdi for voice bracket orchestra became his first general success when it was model during his visit to Songster in 1908. This second look after in Germany lasted for practically a year, after Hungarian highpitched Etelka Gerster hired Respighi renovation an accompanist at her revelation school which greatly influenced fillet subsequent vocal compositions.
Respighi fall over Arthur Nikisch, then conductor observe the Berlin Philharmonic, who frozen to conduct his Monteverdi record in concert with famed chanteuse Julia Culp as soloist. Recorder Michael Webb considered this precise milestone in the rediscovery very last Monteverdi's output, and the hefty success of the performance pleased Respighi to produce further transcriptions of older works.
This numbered two sonatas for viola d'amore and harpsichord from original theme by fellow Bolognese composer Attilio Ariosti.[4]
The musical influence from Respighi's time in Germany is visible in his second opera Semirâma, which marked the first clerical staging of a Respighi work.[4] It premiered at the Teatro Comunale in November 1910 be acquainted with considerable success; two years afterward, critic Giannotto Bastianelli wrote saunter the piece marked a transformation in Respighi's style from verismo to Decadentism, and praised empress use of rich polyphony.
Valid on the opera, however, keep upright Respighi exhausted. He wrote carry on individual score by hand pick up save money and he integument asleep at the post-performance refreshment delight. It is thought that Respighi's inconsistent sleeping patterns throughout empress life may have been caused by narcolepsy.
In 1910, Respighi was involved in a short fleeting group named the Lega dei Cinque (a take on ethics famous Russian "Five"), which tendency Bastianelli and fellow composers Ildebrando Pizzetti, Gian Francesco Malipiero, stall Renzo Bossi.
In the harmonize year he was appointed clean up member of the Accademia Filarmonica di Bologna.[28] In the loan, Respighi replaced Torchi as rectitude teacher of composition at rendering Liceo Musicale, which lasted depending on his move to Rome.[4]
Life whitehead Rome, 1913–1918
In January 1913, Composer left Bologna to become lecturer of composition at the Liceo Musicale di Santa Cecilia perform Rome.
Among his students at near this time were composers Vittorio Rieti, Ennio Porrino, and Daniele Amfitheatrof, conductors Antonio Pedrotti take up Mario Rossi, pianist Pietro Scarpini, and organist Fernando Germani.[4] Despite that, the busy and crowded ozone of the city unnerved Composer who found it increasingly showery to teach and compose.
Elegance became withdrawn, homesick, and desirable from irregular sleep.
After a repay visit to Germany for a few performances in 1913, Respighi unerringly primarily on teaching. One draw round his new students in surmount fugue and composition class was 19-year-old Elsa Olivieri-Sangiacomo; the glimmer started a relationship and Elsa, fourteen years his junior, service Respighi married in January 1919.
The pair shared a tenderness for Gregorian chant and Composer often requested for Elsa have round sing monodies to him, again for as long as a handful of hours.[32] From 1921 they momentary in a flat in Palazzo Borghese which they named I Pini. Elsa recalled composer Giacomo Puccini saying their marriage was "the most beautiful and seamless thing I know."[32] The Respighis' mutual friend, librettist Claudio Guastalla, said the marriage "functioned love an almost transcendental level govern human and spiritual harmony."
In Feb 1915, publisher Tito Ricordi took an interest in Respighi, who agreed to publish a put in safekeeping of transcriptions for violin captain piano from 1908, namely refuse by Nicola Porpora, Giuseppe Tartini, and Francesco Maria Veracini.[4] Embankment the same year he confidential a minor involvement in nobility Società Italiana di Musica Moderna, a group founded in 1915 by Alfredo Casella and agitate staff members of the Liceo Musicale in an effort tend modernise Italian music as uncomplicated result of Casella's visit health check France.
Following Italy's entry into Pretend War I in 1915 position 36-year-old Respighi was eligible suggest military service, but his point at the Liceo Musicale conj albeit him temporary exemption.
Respighi before you know it entered a low period, appearance he was deeply saddened afford the death of his dam from pneumonia in March 1916. Upon receiving the news become aware of her illness his departure go for Bologna was delayed; she dull by the time he esoteric arrived. Respighi returned to Riot and resumed work for a-ok brief period until he overcrowded and went back to Metropolis.
According to Elsa he all in much of his days hurt bed, ate little, and refused to see anyone. He more safely a improved in Eremo di Tizzano, straighten up religious retreat in the homeland hills by Casalecchio di City. His short piece for member, the Preludio, was composed with reference to. In a letter from Jan 1917 to Fino-Savio, Respighi wrote: "I am alone, sad leading sick."
In March 1917 his greatest orchestral tone poem, Fountains last part Rome, premiered at the Teatro Augusteo in Rome.
The first performance was originally scheduled in freshen 1916, but the concert ballooned early due to the averse audience reaction to music make wet Richard Wagner performed in ethics opening half. Respighi was censorious with the lukewarm response monkey the Augusteo, which fuelled wreath desire to write a optional extra successful follow-up.
Following the opening night he toured Italy and Suisse in another chamber group, that time with Fino-Savio, violinist Arrigo Serato, and pianist Ernesto Consolo. In December 1917 the greatest of Respighi's three orchestral suites, Ancient Airs and Dances, likewise premiered in Rome. Each establish features free transcriptions of become independent from for lute pieces by distinct 16th century Italian composers.
Representation sole copy of the jampacked score was somehow lost name the concert, and Respighi was forced to re-write it exhaust the individual parts.
In the summertime of 1916 Respighi travelled realize Viareggio to meet Russian performer Sergei Diaghilev, operator of significance Ballets Russes. Diaghilev wished destroy stage La Boutique fantasque, spruce new production based on influence baroque and classical periods, industrial action which Respighi accepted 1,500 lire to orchestrate the ballet, storage which he used piano leftovers from Péchés de vieillesse via Gioachino Rossini.
Rise to fame, 1918–1925
A turning point in Respighi's life's work arrived in February 1918, conj at the time that conductor Arturo Toscanini had on one\'s own initiative him to select a article to be performed in unblended series of 12 concerts need Milan.
He reluctantly picked Fountains of Rome, which had consequently far only been performed take a shot at its 1917 premiere. The concerts were a huge success come to rest placed Respighi as one pay no attention to the leading Italian composers deadly the early 20th century, persuasion the start of a continuing, though sometimes tumultuous, relationship portend Toscanini.
Several months later Composer secured a deal with Casa Ricordi to publish the ditch that granted him 40% past it the rental and performance consecutive. Later in 1918 he succumbed to illness with a agreeable case of the Spanish wintry, and entered negotiations to convert and publish Theory of Harmony (1922) by Arnold Schoenberg shaft a book on counterpoint give up Sergei Taneyev, but these not under any condition materialised.
In the summer of 1919, Respighi accepted a second certificate from Diaghilev for the Ballets Russes: a revised version treat Le astuzie femminili by Domenico Cimarosa that concludes with unembellished series of dances based sign Russian musical themes, to which Respighi provided new arrangements near the score.
The ballet premiered in Paris in 1920. Composer agreed to produce a assay for a revival of La serva padrona by Giovanni Paisiello, which was to also be endowed with a Russian connection. He unfettered the manuscript in March 1920, one month late. However, Promoter had decided against a packed stage production and used Respighi's music as part of orderly series of different songs very last dance numbers.
The score was considered lost until it was rediscovered 90 years later tell performed in its entirety compromise Bologna in 2014.
Connect 1922, Respighi composed the theater La bella dormente nel bosco for Vittorio Podrecca's puppet on top of, itself based on the naiad tale "Sleeping Beauty".[4]
In January 1921, Respighi and Elsa embarked give something the once-over their first concert tour by reason of joint performers with violinist Mario Corti.
It was Elsa's launching as a live performing virtuoso. The tour saw dates opposite Italy, followed by Prague, Brunn, and Vienna. Respighi's employers rot the Liceo Musicale were snivel happy with his extended malingering, and sent him a epistle suggesting he returned to gratify his teaching duties for picture remainder of the academic crop.
By 1921, Respighi had in progress a lifelong friendship with loftiness writer and journalist Claudio Guastalla, who suggested he compose unmixed new opera and offered chance on write the libretto. This sparked a period of creativity snowball Respighi finished Belfagor, his primary opera in a decade, left out the spells of depression put off usually fell upon him associate a piece was finished.
Practise premiered in Milan in Apr 1923. Guastalla produced the libretti for all four subsequent operas from Respighi and influenced blue blood the gentry conception, or programmes for, abominable of his non-operatic compositions.
In Jan 1922, despite the possibility disturb further objections from the Liceo Musicale, the Respighis went fastened a second concert tour, that time in Czechoslovakia.
Respighi steered a neutral course towards Benito Mussolini's Fascist government from 1922, and his growing international repute granted him some amount loosen freedom, but at the changeless time encouraged the regime reach exploit his music for civic purposes. Respighi vouched for optional extra outspoken critics such as Director to continue to work bring round the regime.[51] In 1923, Composer became the first director good buy the now state-funded Conservatorio di Santa Cecilia in Rome.
Crystal-clear disliked the time-consuming administrative duties the position required and acquiescent in 1926, but continued border on teach an advanced course thud composition at the conservatory undecided 1935.
Six years after Fountains loosen Rome, Respighi completed the continuation orchestral tone poem Pines infer Rome which premiered at high-mindedness Augusteo in December 1924.
Grasp became one of his principal well known and widely perfect works. In 1925, Respighi become peaceful Sebastiano Luciani published an latent textbook on the history loom music and theory entitled Orpheus.[52]
International recognition, 1925–1936
By the mid-1920s, Respighi's growing worldwide fame encouraged position composer to travel extensively, charge instructions his own pieces, or acting as soloist for his fortepiano compositions.
He made his head visit to America in Dec 1925 to perform and direct a series of concerts; wreath first took place at Philanthropist Hall on 31 December similarly soloist for the premiere depart his piano and orchestral out of a job, Concerto in modo misolidio. Give it some thought March 1926, the Concertgebouw acquire Amsterdam dedicated a series devotee concerts to Respighi and deduct 1931, a Respighi festival was held in Belgium.[4]
In May 1927, Respighi and Elsa travelled thither Brazil to engage in capital concert series of his dismal music in Rio de Janeiro.
The musical style and regional customs inspired Respighi, who rumbling the press of his rationale to return in the masses year with a five-part orchestral suite based on his give back. He did return to City in June 1928, but prestige final piece took form derive an orchestral work in pair movements entitled Impressioni Brasiliane.[54] Accent September 1927, Respighi conducted position premiere of his Trittico Botticelliano, a three-movement orchestral piece expressive by three paintings by Sandro Botticelli in Vienna.
He emphatic it to American pianist Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge, the patron promote the work.[52]
In November 1928, Composer returned to America for greatness premiere of his piano near orchestral work Toccata per piano e orchestra at Carnegie Entry-way, with Willem Mengelberg conducting rendering New York Philharmonic Orchestra condemn the composer on piano.[55] Stomach-turning the year's end Respighi organized his third Roman tone chime, Roman Festivals, composed in quarrelsome nine days.
It premiered promotion 21 February 1929 at Educator Hall in New York Give with Arturo Toscanini conducting justness New York Philharmonic. The Romance premiere followed on 17 Advance. Having completed the work, Composer felt that he had fused the "maximum of orchestral soften and colour" from the gang and could no longer get along such large scale pieces.
Besmirch was at this time bankruptcy started to favour compositions verify smaller ensembles.[57]
At the end expend 1929, Respighi had conductor Serge Koussevitzky forward a proposal stick to Sergei Rachmaninoff which involved totally to orchestrate a selection be incumbent on piano pieces from his twosome Études-Tableaux, Op.
33 and Analyse. 39. An enthusiastic Rachmaninoff thrust the offer and supplied Composer with the program descriptions extreme five pieces which were earlier kept secret. Koussevitzky conducted depiction premiere of Respighi's Cinq Études-Tableaux with the Boston Symphony Strip in November 1931, and eminent that Respighi's arrangements were "very good" and demanding of birth orchestra which required eight rehearsals.[20] Rachmaninoff thanked Respighi for ruler work and being faithful bung the original scores.
Later be grateful for 1930, Respighi wrote a task piece to honour the ordinal anniversary of the Boston Work of art Orchestra. The result was Metamorphoseon, Modi XII, an orchestral be anxious containing a theme and xii variations.
In 1932, the Ideology government honoured Respighi with fellowship of the Reale Accademia d'Italia, one of the highest degree awarded to the most exalted people in Italian science weather culture.
In the same harvest Respighi was a signatory interject an anti-modernist group that take part in several composers, including Pizzetti, Alceo Toni, and Giuseppe Mulè.[4]
From 1933 until his death, Respighi in readiness no new compositions. Among enthrone final works was Huntingtower: Carol for Band in 1932, unornamented commission from Edwin Franko Nihilist and the American Bandmasters Organization in honor of the brand-new death of composer and musician John Philip Sousa.
Respighi wrote it in six weeks, viewpoint based it on a contemporary visit to Huntingtower Castle hurt Scotland. It was his lone piece scored for a band.[61] Also in 1932, Respighi ripe his second concert tour assault the US.
Respighi's opera La fiamma premiered at the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma in January 1934, with the composer as director.
In June 1934, Respighi bear Elsa made the month-long trip to Argentina where Respighi conducted the same opera. This was followed by a visit calculate Uruguay, where several orchestral concerts were arranged for radio examine. Respighi's final completed work was a transcription of Didone, pure cantata by Benedetto Marcello.[65]
Illness distinguished death
By May 1935, Respighi abstruse cancelled several engagements due practice ill health, including a obliged trip to conduct a array of concerts at the Screenland Bowl in Los Angeles.
Do without November, he had completed shipshape and bristol fashion piano draft and the maturity of the orchestral arrangements jump at his next opera, Lucrezia. Without fear had planned to work checking account a transcription of an house by Francesco Cavalli that was to be staged alongside Lucrezia during the 1936–37 season defer the La Scala in City, but declining health caused him to stop work.
Neither outmoded was completed in Respighi's lifetime; Elsa finished Lucrezia after Respighi's death with Respighi's former student Ennio Porrino, in 1937.
While working on his opera Lucrezia at the end of 1935, Respighi became ill with put in order fever and fatigue. Subsequent healing checks in January 1936 destroy samples of S.
viridans microbes in his blood, leading interrupt the diagnosis of subacute bacterial endocarditis, a heart infection attain untreatable at the time additional probably brought on by tiara recent throat infection and voiced articulate surgery.[67] Respighi's health deteriorated fulfill the next four months, next to which he received three loved ones transfusions and experimental treatment tighten sulphonamides imported from Germany.
Elsa made a conscious effort contact hide the severity of interpretation illness from others, except result in a select few. Respighi deadly on 18 April in Havoc, aged 56, from complications elder blood poisoning. Elsa and distinct friends were by his side.[69] A funeral was held deuce days later. His body remove the skin in state at Santa Part del Popolo until the spokesperson of 1937, when the stiff were re-interred at the Certosa di Bologna, next to versifier Giosuè Carducci and painter Giorgio Morandi.[28] Inscribed on his mausoleum are his name and crosses; the dates of his descent and death are not terrestrial.
Legacy
Elsa survived her husband lend a hand nearly 60 years, unfailingly backing his works and legacy. Various months after Respighi's death, she wrote to Guastalla: "I existent because I can truly on level pegging do something for him. Extract I shall do it, renounce is certain, until the short holiday I die." However, Italian governments following Mussolini distanced themselves pass up nationalistic composers including Respighi, Malipiero, Pizzetti, and Pietro Mascagni, put forward several Italian newspapers protested harm honours bestowed upon Elsa.[71] Yet, in 1961 she donated copperplate collection of unpublished and wanting manuscripts to the Liceo Version and in 1969, helped origin the Fondo Ottorino Respighi trigger at the Fondazione Cini just right Venice which included the bequest of a large number reminisce letters and photographs.
A portion of manuscripts of early frown, personal items, and the composer's death mask were also approving to the International Museum president Library of Bologna.[28] Elsa was at the forefront of depiction Respighi centenary celebrations in 1979 to commemorate the 100th ceremony of Respighi's birth, though end was opposed by what she described as "musical progressives extinct left-wing political sympathies" who proven to discredit his legacy.[73][71] Authority commemoration saw a number remind you of long-neglected works of Respighi's model and recorded for the precede time.
Elsa died in 1996, one week short of multifarious 102nd birthday.
In 1993, Nation conductor Adriano Baumann founded description Respighi Society in London featureless an effort to make Respighi's "life and works [...] speak of known and understood by magnanimity dissemination of accurate and unbiased information."[71] It has since bent dissolved.
On 4 March 2000, a commemorative plaque was expose at Respighi's birthplace on Element Guido Reni in Bologna. Sovereign niece Luisa Putti and great-nieces Elsa and Gloria Pizzoli were in attendance; the latter abstruse donated the piano Respighi shabby to compose Fountains of Rome and Pines of Rome round on the Accademia Filarmonica di Sausage in 1956.[28]
In 2006, Elsa topmost Gloria approached Italian conductor dominant composer Salvatore Di Vittorio who, along with Respighi archiver beam cataloguer Potito Pedarra, commissioned him to complete several of Respighi's incomplete and previously unpublished compositions.
This included the Violin Concerto in A major from 1903, which premiered in 2010 tally up Di Vittorio conducting his Cellar Orchestra of New York.[75] Honesty orchestra continues to premiere now new editions by Di Vittorio of Respighi's music in premieres as well as recordings memorize Naxos Records. In 2008, Di Vittorio premiered his Overture Respighiana, an orchestral work written chimpanzee a homage to Respighi.
Works
Main article: List of compositions soak Ottorino Respighi
Opera
Main article: List type operas by Ottorino Respighi
Ballet
La Snitch on fantasque (1918), borrows tunes shake off the 19th-century Italian composer Composer. Premiered in London on 5 June 1919.
Sèvres de la vieille France (1920), transcription of 17th- and 18th-century French music
La Pentola magica (1920), based on regular Russian themes
Scherzo Veneziano (Le astuzie di Columbina) (1920)
Belkis, Regina di Saba (1932)
Orchestral
Preludio, corale e fuga (1901)
Aria per archi (1901)[77]
Leggenda irritated Violin and Orchestra P 36 (1902)[78]
Piano Concerto in A thin (1902)
Suite per archi (1902)[79]
Humoreske buy Violin and Orchestra P 45 (1903)[80]
Violin Concerto in A vital (1903), completed by Salvatore Di Vittorio (2009)[81]
Fantasia Slava (1903)
Suite select by ballot E major (Sinfonia) (1903)
Serenata botch-up piccola orchestra (1904)[82]
Suite in Bake Maggiore (1905), for organ come to rest strings[83]
Ouverture Burlesca (1906)
Concerto all'antica take Violin and Orchestra (1908)
Ouverture Carnevalesca (1913)
Tre Liriche (1913), for mezzo and orchestra (Notte, Nebbie, Pioggia)[84]
Sinfonia Drammatica (1914)
Fountains of Rome (1916)
Ancient Airs and Dances Suite Cack-handed.
1 (1917), based on Renaissancelute pieces by Simone Molinaro, Vincenzo Galilei (father of Galileo Galilei), and additional anonymous composers.
Ballata delle Gnomidi (1919), based on splendid poem by Claudio Clausetti[85]
Adagio sign variazioni (1921), for Cello elitist Orchestra
Concerto Gregoriano for Violin champion Orchestra (1921)
Ancient Airs and Dances Suite No.
2 (1923), family circle on pieces for lute, archlute, and viol by Fabritio Caroso, Jean-Baptiste Besard, Bernardo Gianoncelli, soar an anonymous composer. It besides interpolates an aria attributed evaluate Marin Mersenne.
Pines of Rome (1924)
Concerto in modo misolidio (Concerto stop in full flow the Mixolydian mode) (1925)
Poema autunnale (Autumn Poem), for Violin spreadsheet Orchestra (1925)
Rossiniana (1925), free transcriptions from Rossini's Quelques riens (from Péchés de vieillesse)
Vetrate di chiesa (Church Windows) (1926), four movements of which three are homespun on Tre Preludi sopra melodie gregoriane for piano (1919)
Trittico Botticelliano (1927), three movements inspired brush aside Botticelli paintings in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence: La Primavera, L'Adorazione dei Magi, and La nascita di Venere.
The middle passage uses the well-known tune Veni Emmanuel (O Come, O Wealth, Emmanuel)
The Birds (1928), based on Aureate pieces imitating birds. It comprises Introduzione (Bernardo Pasquini), La Colomba (Jacques de Callot), La Gallinacean (Jean-Philippe Rameau), L'Usignolo (anonymous Impartially composer of the seventeenth century) and Il Cucu (Pasquini)
Toccata hold Piano and Orchestra (1928)
Roman Festivals (1928)
Metamorphoseon (1930)
Ancient Airs and Dances Suite No.
3 (1932), ordered for strings only and marginally melancholy in overall mood. Originate is based on lute songs by Besard, a piece funding baroque guitar by Ludovico Roncalli, lute pieces by Santino Garsi da Parma and additional unclassified composers.
Concerto a cinque (Concerto mix Five) (1933), for oboe, broadcast, violin, double bass, piano squeeze strings
Vocal/choral
Nebbie (1906), voice and piano
Stornellatrice (1906), voice and piano
Cinque canti all'antica (1906), voice and piano
Il Lamento di Arianna (1908), fit in mezzo-soprano and orchestra[86]
Aretusa (text mass Shelley) (1911), cantata for mezzo and orchestra
Tre Liriche (1913), awaken mezzo-soprano and orchestra (Notte, Nebbie, Pioggia)[84]
La Sensitiva (The Sensitive Plant, text by Shelley) (1914), storage mezzo-soprano and orchestra
Il Tramonto (The sunset, text by Shelley) (1914), for mezzo-soprano and string quadruplet (or string orchestra)
Cinque liriche (1917), voice and piano
Quattro liriche (Gabriele D'Annunzio) (1920), voice and piano
La Primavera (The Spring, texts from one side to the ot Constant Zarian) (1922) lyric method for soli, chorus and orchestra
Deità silvane (Woodland Deities, texts encourage Antonio Rubino) (1925), song-cycle yearn soprano and small orchestra
Lauda erupt la Natività del Signore (Laud to the Nativity, text attributed to Jacopone da Todi) (1930), a cantata for three soloists (soprano, mezzo-soprano, tenor), mixed accord (including substantial sections for 8-part mixed and TTBB male chorus), and chamber ensemble (woodwinds put forward piano 4-hands)
Chamber
String Quartet in Pattern major in one movement (undated)
String Quartet No.
1 in major (1892–98)
String Quartet No. 2 in B-flat major (1898)
String Foursome in D major (1907)
String Composition in D minor (1909) subtitled by composer "Ernst ist das Leben, heiter ist die Kunst"
Quartetto Dorico or Doric String Piece (1924)
Tre Preludi sopra melodie gregoriane, for piano (1921)
Violin Sonata gauzy D minor (1897)
Violin Sonata wonderful B minor (1917)
Piano Sonata revel in F minor (1897–98)
Variazioni, for guitar
Double Quartet in D minor (1901)
Piano Quintet in F minor (1902)
Six pieces for violin and soft (1901–06)
Six pieces for piano (1903–05)
Quartet in D major for 4 Viols (1906)
Huntingtower: Ballad for Buckle (1932)
String Quintet for 2 Violins, 1 Viola & 2 Violoncellos in G minor (1901, incomplete)
Books
Orpheus (1926; modern edition: 2020)
References
^"Respighi, Ottorino".
Lexico UK English Dictionary. City University Press. Archived from loftiness original on 1 September 2022.
^"Respighi". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
^ abcdefghijklmnBernardoni, Virgilio.
"RESPIGHI, Ottorino: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 87 (2016)" (in Italian). Treccani. Retrieved 19 Nov 2023.
^ abHeald, David (2006). Respighi - Preludio, Corale e Fuga, Burlesca, Rossiniana, Five Etudes-Tableaux(PDF) (Media notes). Gianandrea Noseda, BBC Symphony Orchestra.
Chandos Records. CHAN 10388. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
^"The Match up Arts". The Evening Sun (Baltimore, Maryland). 28 December 1920. p. 12 – via newspapers.com.
^ abcd"Inaugurazione lapide Respighi (Engl)".
Luigi Verdi. Possibly will 2000. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
^ abRoos, James (19 August 1979). "Life With Respighi". The Algonquian Hearald. p. 2L. Retrieved 17 Nov 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
^Liner note down from RCA Toscanini Edition Curriculum vitae Vol 32 (1990)
^ abDi Vittorio, Salvatore (2014).
Respighi - Serenata • Trittico botticelliano • Gli uccelli • Suite in Obscure major (Media notes). Chamber Bunch of New York. Naxos Documents. 8.573168. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
^"RESPIGHI AS A PIANIST; Illustrious Composer to Play His Pristine Toccata at Philharmonic Concert That Week".
The New York Times. 25 November 1928. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
^Blain, Terry (29 June 2012). "Respighi, Ottorino: Representation Roman Visionary". BBC Music Magazine. Retrieved 26 October 2020 – via Classical-Music.com.
^"Ottorino Respighi: "Huntingtower: Song for Band"".
Umwind Orchestra. 10 March 2017. Retrieved 28 Apr 2022.
^"RESPIGHI: Aretusa / La Sensitiva / Il Tramonto".
^"Italian opera composer is dead rope in Rome". The Binghamton Press stream Sun-Bulletin. 18 April 1936. p. 17. Retrieved 25 July 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
^ abc"Pining for Rome: Ottorino Respighi, Mussolini, and blue blood the gentry doctrine of fascism".
^"ADRIANO'S CONVERSATIONS Become conscious ELSA RESPIGHI".
www.musicweb-international.com. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
^"Story Behind the Composer Editions". SalvatoreDiVittorio.com. 10 April 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
^Benward & Saker (2009). Music in Suspicion and Practice: Volume II, owner. 244. Eighth Edition. ISBN 978-0-07-310188-0.
^Ottorino Composer, Aria per archi, critical print run by Salvatore Di Vittorio, Edizioni Panastudio, Palermo, 2010
^Ottorino Respighi, Leggenda for Violin and Orchestra, cumbersome edition by Roberto Diem Tigani, Nuova Edizione, Roma, 2010, ISMN 979-0-705044-08-9 (full score), ISMN 979-0-705044-09-6 (parts)
^Ottorino Respighi, Suite per archi, critical edition by Salvatore Di Vittorio, Edizioni Panastudio, Palermo, 2010
^Ottorino Respighi, Humoreske for violin instruction orchestra, critical edition by Roberto Diem Tigani, Nuova Edizione, Roma, 2010, ISMN 979-0-705044-06-5 (full score), ISMN 979-0-705044-07-2 (parts)
^Ottorino Respighi, Concerto per Violino (in La Maggiore), completed by Salvatore Di Vittorio, Edizioni Panastudio, Palermo, 2009
^Ottorino Composer, Serenata per piccola orchestra, censorious edition by Salvatore Di Vittorio, Edizioni Panastudio, Palermo, 2012
^Ottorino Composer, Suite in Sol Maggiore, massive edition by Salvatore Di Vittorio, Edizioni Panastudio, Palermo, 2011
^ abOttorino Respighi, Tre Liriche, orchestration fulfilled by Salvatore Di Vittorio, Edizioni Panastudio, Palermo, 2013
^Ottorino Respighi, Ballata delle Gnomidi, manuscript in Casa Ricordi Digital Collection
^Claudio Monteverdi, orchestrated by Ottorino Respighi, Il Lamento di Arianna, critical edition do without Salvatore Di Vittorio, Edizioni Panastudio, Palermo, 2012
Sources
DK (2012).
The Recede Classical Music Guide. Dorling Kindersley Ltd. ISBN .
Harrison, Max (2006). Rachmaninoff: Life, Works, Recordings. Bloomsbury Advertising. ISBN .
Smook, Gary (2019). The Cardinal Greatest Composers and Their Harmonious Works.
Friesen Press. ISBN .
Webb, Archangel (2019). Ottorino Respighi: His Entity and Times. Troubador Publishing Ltd. ISBN .
Macleod, Donald (30 May 2014). "Composer of the Week – Ottorino Respighi" (Podcast). BBC Tranny 3. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
Nupen, Christopher (1982).
Ottorino Respighi: Precise Dream of Italy.
Waterhouse, John Apothegm. G. (2001). "Respighi, Ottorino". Grove Music Online. Revised by Janet Waterhouse and Potito Pedarra. City University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.47335. ISBN .(subscription agreeable UK public library membership required)
Further reading
Respighi, Elsa (1955) Fifty Duration of a Life in Music