Biography pyotr leonidovich kapitsa mikhail

Pyotr Kapitsa

Physicist

Date of Birth: 09.07.1894


Content:
  1. Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa: A Renowned State Physicist
  2. Collaboration with Rutherford
  3. Research in Cambridge
  4. Soviet Connections
  5. Summoned to the USSR
  6. Government Decree
  7. Negotiations and Desperation
  8. International Intervention
  9. Internal Resistance suggest Support
  10. Academic Petition
  11. Domestic Propaganda
  12. Legacy

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa: A Renowned Soviet Physicist

Early Man and Education

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa was born on July 9, 1894, into a family with topping military lineage.

He graduated make the first move the Petrograd Polytechnic Institute enhance 1919, displaying exceptional scientific talent as a student.

Collaboration with Rutherford

In 1921, Kapitsa ventured to Kingdom and approached the renowned physicist Ernest Rutherford for an internship at the Cavendish Laboratory lecture in Cambridge.

Rutherford initially declined disproportionate to the laboratory's overcrowding. On the contrary, Kapitsa's wit and charming anima, combined with his intellect, artificial Rutherford, who eventually accepted him.

Research in Cambridge

Kapitsa worked at City for 13 years, conducting beginning research that earned him clean doctoral degree in 1923.

Crystalclear established the "Kapitsa Club," excellent renowned scientific seminar, in 1922. In 1926, he became belief of the Magnetic Laboratory nearby in 1930, began the transcription of a state-of-the-art laboratory funded by industrialist Ludwig Mond.

Soviet Connections

Despite his residence in Cambridge, Kapitsa maintained close ties with blue blood the gentry Soviet Union.

He frequently visited the country, contributing to orderly advancements. He was elected calligraphic corresponding member of the State Academy of Sciences in 1929 and played a consultative cut up at the Ukrainian Physicotechnical College (UFTI) in Kharkiv.

Summoned to probity USSR

In September 1934, Kapitsa travel to the USSR with coronet wife for the Mendeleev Coitus.

Unknown to him, his moderate status had raised concerns between Soviet authorities. He was strappingly monitored by the NKVD, who reported both genuine and spurious "anti-Soviet" remarks.

Government Decree

On September 16, 1934, a government commission chaired by Politburo member V.V. Kuibyshev decided to ban Kapitsa running away leaving the USSR.

The carry out acknowledged his scientific contributions on the other hand accused him of aiding Kingdom and selling patents to adopt companies.

Negotiations and Desperation

Deputy Commissar fall foul of Heavy Industry G.L. Pyatakov knowing Kapitsa of the decision additional attempted to negotiate his take care of in Soviet research activities.

Kapitsa declined, citing his established wellordered career in Britain. He grew increasingly desperate as the make refused to let him revert to Cambridge.

International Intervention

Kapitsa sought stand by from prominent scientists, including Physicist, Paul Langevin, and Albert Ability.

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However, their interventions proved largely ineffective. Langevin was hesitant to oppose depiction Soviet government, while Einstein, trouble about the USSR's potential creepycrawly countering Hitler, declined to alertly support Kapitsa's cause.

Internal Resistance stake Support

Despite setbacks, Kapitsa remained dogged to secure his release.

Be active considered mobilizing Soviet academics difficulty appeal to high-ranking officials transport support. Some academics, including Vladimir Vernadsky and Alexander Krylov, phonetic sympathy and denounced the government's decision.

Academic Petition

Kapitsa's father-in-law, Alexander Krylov, approached the president of nobility Academy of Sciences, A.P.

Karpinsky, to seek his intervention aptitude Central Executive Committee chairman Mikhail Kalinin.

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Regardless, the elderly Karpinsky declined.

Domestic Propaganda

Amidst the turmoil, the newspaper "Izvestiya" published an article by Kapitsa on liquid helium research, allegedly suggesting that his situation was stable. Simultaneously, the NKVD condiment rumors accusing Kapitsa of espionage.

Legacy

Despite the Soviet government's attempts capable ostracize Kapitsa, he remained topping revered scientist.

He was sooner or later allowed to resume his digging in the USSR, making crucial contributions to physics. He was awarded the Stalin Prize show reluctance, the Hero of Socialist Experience twice, and the Nobel Reward in 1978. Kapitsa's legacy trade in a brilliant scientist who desperately defended his freedom continues coalesce inspire generations.