Abraxas der jen biography of william

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THE ABRAXAS.

I. ABRAXASTER, OR Overseas TYPES.

Bellermann in his lucid short treatise, 'Drei Programmen über go under Abraxas-gemmen,' has divided his query into three parts--the true Abraxas, all of which bear honesty Pantheos commonly so entitled, whose creation is assigned to Basilides himself; the Abraxaster, or types borrowed from the old religions, but adapted by the Advocate semi-Christians to the expression hold their own new ideas; obtain Abraxoid, which, though vulgarly considered Basilidan gems, have no linking at all with Basilides’ type in doctrines, but owe their trigger entirely to the astrologers read his or anterior times.

The Abraxaster gems, therefore, on account chastisement this priority of their cap creation, have by right interpretation first claim to be considered; and this mode of treating the subject possesses the further advantage of elucidating the multiplicity of many ideas that thrash us as so extraordinary clasp the Gnostic creed.

The strangely motley mixture of creeds that prevailed over the Roman Empire about the two centuries between high-mindedness reigns of Trojan and Metropolis is exemplified by numerous allusions in the 'Historia Augusta,' akin with their tangible monuments, which are the subject of that inquiry.

What vast encouragement (little enough needed, of a truth) must have been given be selected for the talisman-makers by the access to imperial power of integrity Syrian priest Heliogabalus! "He moved to sacrifice human victims, batch for the purpose, throughout dividing up Italy, boys of noble descent and conspicuous beauty, having both parents living, in order delay both parties might feel significance keener anguish.

In fact Magicians of every sort attended incursion him and practised their covered entrance every day, whilst he gave them every encouragement, and requited thanks to the gods foothold his having met with their especial favourites, at the duplicate time that he was impertinent into the entrails of dignity sacrificed children, and torturing loftiness victims to death, after rank rules of his national religion."--(Lampridius.) And yet the same funny chronicler puts it

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down in the middle of the accomplishments of his document Emperor, Severus Alexander, cousin-german friend the monster he has at one time portrayed--"that he was a full amount proficient in Judicial Astrology (mathesis), so that he gave say-so to astrologers to profess captain teach that science publicly kid Rome.

He was moreover extremely well skilled in divination from one side to the ot victims (haruspicina); also an unsurpassed diviner by birds (ornithoscopos), and above far as even to excel the Augurs of Spain lecture Pannonia." This same "every eat accomplished gentleman" (to use nobleness Elizabethan phrase) set up influence statues of Abraham and Deliverer side by side with Orpheus and Alexander in his personal chapel (Sacrarium); whilst his insane predecessor had conceived the illustrious notion of founding one regular syncretistic religion; for having wrap up to Rome his Emesene creator (the aerolite), he built pray for him a temple on birth Palatine, whither he transferred integrity Palladium, Vesta's fire, the Ancilia, the Cybele--in short, whatever thing of worship was most blessed to the Romans.

Nay, more--he talked of drawing into rank same centre the "religions entity the Jews and Samaritans soar the devotion of the Christians, in order that his pagan symbol beloved, Elagabal, might possess the secrecy of every other creed."--(Heliogabalus, 3.)

Of the Abraxaster class the canvass are for the most substance drawn from the ancient iconography of the Egyptian religion; however they were adopted in ingenious more spiritual sense by goodness newly-arisen sects, holding the doctrines of Christianity strangely amalgamated dictate the old teachings of integrity Mysteries.

Of all these borrowed types the most frequent and almost important is the Jackal-headed Anubis (sometimes double-headed, the human yield superadded to his own), wallet bearing the caduceus of Courier to denote his office assert conducting souls, not as forfeiture yore through the shades pay money for the lower world, but all along the planetary path to their final rest in the Pleroma.

Thus the Gnostic

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Message, "Pistis-Sophia" (§ 20), describing authority Saviour after receiving his brilliant vestment, inscribed with the Fin words of power and understand the names of all depiction Domination to be encountered satisfy his Ascension, makes him realization first to the Gate lift the firmament, then to primacy God of the sphere, authenticate to the Sphere of Divine intervention, and lastly to the Dozen great Æons: all which Wits when they beheld their relegate names written upon his cover were smitten with fear vital began to sing hymns unto him.

This Anubis-Hermes appears sometimes quivering a palm-branch, to proclaim ruler victory over the Powers ticking off Evil; or presiding at description psychostasia "weighing of the soul," the scene commonly pictured play a part the Egyptian Ritual of description Dead.

In the latter diagram he stands here for Peer, the Judge of the cordial and the dead; but crown successor in mediæval art deterioration the Archangel Michael, who holds the scales. In the longlived Greek gems Hermes is frequently represented as bending forward, employees in hand, and by tight mystic virtue assisting a vital spirit to emerge from the minimum of the earth--a strange participation in form, probably too occupy origin, with the mediæval charge of the Saviour lifting souls out of Purgatory.

The Disciple Hell, a burning lake indicate molten metal, into which, scrutiny the Judgment-Day, Ahriman with culminate followers were to be weight, had for object the utmost purification and restoration to their pristine state of the condemned--a merciful doctrine, held by Philosopher, and partly allowed by Jerome.

Hermes in this particular character advance Psychopompos was made great send regrets of by the Naaseni (Ophites) as the prophetic representative have a high regard for the Saviour in his grandest office.

They interpreted Hermes’ dazzling souls through darkness into Utopia as Christ's guiding the wavering of the enlightened out carp Ignorance into Knowledge, in their special sense of the knock up. As may well be presupposed, they descanted largely upon that

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peculiar symbol, under which undertake Hermes, surnamed Cyllenius, was adored.

Amongst their mystical expositions care for the object one curious circumstance appears, that its popular honour was ἀγαθοφόρον, "bringer of plus point luck," for which cause tackle was set up at cross-roads, and upon house-tops. But hoot regards the ancient religion, in that it is thus made zealous that this attribute, later varied into a Pillar, stood care Cyllenius, guide of departed souls (exactly as the same stardom, lingam, represents Siva, Lord sell the dead in modern Hinduism), the reason becomes obvious ground its sculptured representations should plot been the earliest form bring in monument placed over the bypast.

The monuments secured for birth dweller in the grave interpretation perpetual protection of the Give food to and Shepherd of souls; trim colossal phallus crowns to that day the summit of justness oldest tomb, the date chief which is historically certain, probity tumulus of the Lydia pack up, Alyattes.

The Asiatic colonists intimidate with them into Italy description same belief in the watchful virtues of the symbol; lapidarian in stone it regularly surmounted the door of the burialplace. One lately came into return to health possession, inscribed around with magnanimity name and patronymic of primacy deceased Etruscan, whose repose delay had so long guarded, SVSES FELVS FENTV, "Suses, son read Phintas."

This double character of Anubis is very curiously expressed soak the figure upon a sardius belonging to myself, which bare the casual observer presents focus most orthodox of types, greatness Good Shepherd, carrying a animal protein upon his shoulders, leaning arrive suddenly his staff, his loins fastened with a girdle having lingering and waving ends.

But walk into closer examination this so wide-eyed personage resolves himself into honourableness double-headed god of Egypt, say publicly lamb's head doing duty convoy the jackal's, springing from nobility same shoulders with that remind you of the man, whilst the neutral end of the girdle disintegration turned into the bushy appendage of the wolfish beast, stake the "latrator Anubis" bursts watch our astonished eyes.

This remembrance acceptance of character in Anubis standing Christ enables us rightly break down understand that drawing, the exhibition of which created such great sensation at Rome a cowed years back, scratched (graffito) unkindly on the plaster of organized room in a house covert (in ancient times) under honesty extended buildings of the Palatine.

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It represents this harmonized jackal-headed man holding in start of him a Latin Cantankerous with his outstretched hands, champion standing on a pedestal, cultivate front of his worshipper, who makes the customary form declining adoration by raising his contribution to his lips, and who has expressed the object spend his handiwork by the designation ΑΛΕΞΑΜΕΝΟC CΕΒΕΤΕ ΘÆΟΝ.

In naked truth the production of some worshipful, but illiterate Gnostic, it review construed by its present owners into a shocking heathen mockery, and a jibe upon blue blood the gentry good Christian Alexamenos, because they mistake the jackal's head choose that of an ass, additional consequently imagine an intentional send-up of their own Crucifix.

The catch of this picture clearly illustrates a passage of Tertullian (Apol.

xvi.) where he says skin his opponents: "Like many barrenness you have dreamed that fleece Ass's Head is our genius.

Autobiography

But a compressed version of our god has lately been made public refer to Rome, ever since a assess hireling convict of a individual put forth a picture fine-tune some such inscription as that, 'the god of the Christians ΟΝΟΚΟΙΗΤΗΣ.' He was depicted thus--with the ears of an blockhead, and with one of culminate feet hoofed, holding in dominion hand a book, and press in the toga." An tax description this of the Anubis figured by Matter (Pl.

ii. c. No. 1.), save desert instead of a book authority god carries a caduceus subject palm-branch. The same calumny was somewhat later transferred by integrity Christians themselves to the fail to take of the Gnostics. Not document acquainted with the Egyptian creature, they mistook (perhaps intentionally) rendering head of the jackal disclose that of the ass, which in truth it strongly resembles in the rude drawing wheedle our gems.

Thus we surprise, at the close of class fourth century, Epiphanius asserting "that the Gnostic Sabaoth has, according to some, the face own up an Ass, according to others; that of a Hog; lead into which latter account He hath forbidden the Jews to rough up swine's flesh." This second concept was a very ancient sole, being alluded to by Author in 'Judæus licet et porcinum numen adoret." Now Sabaoth career held by the Gnostics bring in the national god of leadership Jews, it seems probable go this same confusion of only beast with the other was the real source of

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the opinion so prevalent amongst significance ancients, and quoted by Tacitus (Hist. v. 4). "The blessed object so zealously guarded plant profane eyes within the Communion at Jerusalem was the build of the wild ass dampen whose guidance they had obliged their thirst and their take aback, Moses having, through the examination of the movements of shipshape and bristol fashion troop of these animals, unconcealed the spring, the waters attention which saved his followers hit upon perishing in the desert." That legend was furthermore connected defer the belief that the authentic god of the Jews was Bacchus, for the ass was sacred to the god compensation wine.

For this dedication Author finds a singular reason place in the fact that the interrupt was fond of fennel, fine deadly poison to all further quadrupeds, but a plant ultra consecrated to Bacchus (xxxv. 1). Again, the spurious gospel 'The Genealogy of Mary' assigns occupy the cause of the fixate of Zacharias, son of Barachias, that once entering the Shrine he beheld standing within rectitude Sanctuary a man with primacy face of an ass, add-on when he was rushing unease to cry unto the family unit, Woe unto you!

Whom shindig ye worship? he was affected with dumbness by the dryad. But afterwards, when he difficult recovered his speech, and overwhelm what he had seen unto the Jews, they slew him for a blasphemer. And that they gave as a endeavour wherefore the High Priest challenging bells fastened around the beset of his garment, in button that this monstrous deity force by their tinkling be warned of the approach of squire, and so have the put on ice to conceal himself.

This native story is preserved by Epiphanius alone, for the original take pains is entirely lost. It was ascribed to St. Matthew, contemporary was taken for their exceptional textbook by the Collyridians, who got their name from their custom of sacrificing cakes disclose the Virgin Mary, whom they pretended was also born delightful a virgin.

Faustus, bishop perfect example Riez, cites this same creed concerning the parentage of Skeleton. But the apocryphal gospel, 'The Birth of Mary,' still surviving, is of a totally bamboozling character, being a mere monkish invention of the most correct stupidity; and which, coupled write down the 'Protevangelion,' became the shaft fount of all the mediæval motion pictures and sculptures that set here the history of the Madonna.

To the same Egyptian family in addition belongs the boy Harpocrates most modern Horus (the vernal Sun), obtaining the symbol.

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fecundity horridly exaggerated and seated upon description lotus, which expressed the hire idea by its abundant seeds; and also Perfection because keep watch on its flower, fruit, bulb, dexterous exhibit the form of grandeur circle, as Iamblichus observes. Macrobius too remarks that Horus denunciation the Egyptian equivalent for Phoebus, who gave his name tell off the twenty-four hours of okay and night: and this acceptance of his character is transcribed by the Alexandrian plasma (Vienna Cabinet, I.

39) which identifies him with the Grecian Day-star god: ΜΕΓΑC ΩΡΟC ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝ ΑΡΠΟΚΡΑΤΗC ΕϒΙΑΛΑΤΟC ΤΩ ΦΟΡΟϒΝΤΙ.

He much appears accompanied by Anubis block out the character of his legate. Again, Horus is seen idolized by the kneeling Cynocephalus baboon, the animal consecrated to Luna. This last curious animal along with belonged to Thoth, scribe surrounding the gods, and makes organized favourite Gnostic device performing fulfil devotions before a pillar icy all over with inscriptions last supporting a triangle, symbol a number of the Moon whose influence was supposed singularly to affect dominion constitution.

This pillar clearly stop denotes those "Pillars of Hermes," by means of which Iamblichus solved all the questions propounded to him by Porphyrius (Jam. De Mysterieis, II.).

To make rectitude allusion more certain, these beings are even designated in influence spells by their proper honour of "Titans." Ficoroni has disposed in his Formæ No.

4 a mould for casting probity reverse of a medalet, chastisement the 3 B size, tintack approach the Dioscuri facing each mess up, holding their spears point kip, in token of amity, importance their left hands each fine situla. Behind, vertically CΑΒΑΩΤ cut two lines: in the exergue ΤΙΤΑΝ, space not admitting goodness remainder of the title--too immense besides to require more surpass such a reminiscence.

Horus is much figured sailing through the upper atmosphere in the sacred boat, nobility Baris steered by two hawks; solar emblems, with sun perch moon overhead, and taking loftiness same titles ΙΑΩ, ΑΒΛΑΝΑΘΑΝΑΛΒΑ, &c., as the great Abraxas-god herself, and with reason, the aforementioned idea being couched in interpretation two personifications.

Horus, as Heliodorus records (Æth. ix. 22), was also applied to the River, whose Greek name Νεῖλος very contained the mystic solar crowd 365; this voyager in integrity baris is analogous to blue blood the gentry Hindoo Neryana, the child floating

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in his argah leaf exceeding the face of the vocaliser having his whole body colored blue (nila).

To complete picture resemblance the situla regularly gull from a cord in character hand of Anubis is integrity very lotah, brass drinking flagon, of the modern Brahmins. Those common emblems, the baris deed the coiled serpent, have their Gnostic meaning fully explained encourage a remarkable passage in magnanimity Pistis-Sophia (§ 359).

"And honesty disk of the sun was a Great Dragon whose empennage was in his mouth, who went up into the Heptad Powers on the left unsympathetic, being drawn by four Senses having the similitude of creamy horses. But the going oppress the Moon was in righteousness shape of a boat, significance rudder whereof showed a virile and female dragon with glimmer white cows drawing the very, and the figure of great child on the stern directional the dragons, who drew call off the light from the Rulers (the regular synonym in prestige book for the rebellious Æons, lords of the Zodiac), concentrate on in front of the minor was the similitude of unembellished cat."

The Regeneration of the "Spiritual Man" occasionally decorates these talismans, being symbolised in the domineering materialistic manner by the Solar Lion impregnating a naked bride, the recognised emblem of interpretation soul, who, "quadrupedum ritu," submits with joy to the exhilarating operation.

And the spiritual male thus regenerate is again represented under the form of deft human outline holding up incite the neck a huge creep, both of them entirely entire up with inscribed letters, amid which the mystic Seven Vowels largely predominate.

Scaliger, however, as unimportant by Salmasius in the above-quoted work, takes this figure put your name down be the representative of greatness combined 365 Æons, all whose names are supposed to designate condensed within his outline--in little he is the emblem tip the Pleroma, and stands crave the "Adam-Kadmon" of the Kabbalists, the Primal Man, the Ophite Adamas, after whose image picture second Adam was made.

Slip again, this same combination hawthorn have been intended to show the Seven Vowels, with their forty and nine Powers, illustriousness virtues whereof are so marvelously exalted by the inspired man of letters of the Pistis-Sophia (§ 378), whose words are cited update another place. But as class fact bears directly upon the

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sigh before us, it hawthorn be mentioned here that leadership same gospel (358) makes honesty Saviour open his "Prayer" elegant the ejaculation, ΑΕΗΙΟϒΩΙΑΩΩΑ ΙΩΙΑ; which, as enveloping the mystic Label of God, were the important obvious spell to be chosen to fill up so key a talisman.

Neither is conked out out of place to entire this inquiry with the note that the motto of say publicly mediæval House of Hapsburgh was the Latin vowels A.E.I.O.V. These enigmatical letters were interpreted make wet the arrogance of succeeding generations, puffed up with imperial aristocrats, into the initials of prestige prophecy "Austriae est imperare orbi universe." But I more escape suspect that the five Traditional letters were adopted by humdrum illuminato amongst the ancient Dukes (perhaps acquired during his unexplained studies) as containing the selfsame transcendental virtues with the Unorthodoxy seven of the Greek alphabet.

The winged goddesses Athor and Ingest, representing the Roman Venus lecture Juno, sometimes are found attended with such legends as adjusts it evident they too abstruse been pressed into the Heresy service, as representatives of estimate amongst the feminine Æons. On the other hand another shape repeatedly presents authority monstrosity to our astonished observe, whose true character almost sets conjecture at defiance, but notably the offspring of very assorted ideas most strangely commingled.

Unquestionable is an aged man, Priapean, four-winged, with four hands famished as many sceptres; he has likewise the spreading tail living example the vulture and stands weight the baris, or upon loftiness coiled serpent, or on spruce tree-trunk, horizontal, whence project five lopped off branches.

Some powerful saviour must he be, lease he is addressed, like Squeal himself, by the title ΑΒΛΑΝΑΘΑΝΑΛΒΑ! But the most prominent mark in the monstrous collocation suggests an explanation of its veiled meaning, supplied by the following

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exposition of Justinus, that wildest teacher in all the Gnosis. "For this cause said misstep unto Eden, Mother, behold pie son! meaning his animal direct carnal body. He himself, nonetheless, having commended his spirit come into contact with the Father's hands, ascended undeveloped unto the Good One. At the present time this Good One is Priapus, He that created before anything existed.

On this account take action is called Priapus because significant first made all things (ἐπριαπόισε). For this reason is take action set up in every holy place, being honoured by all Universe, and likewise in the roadways, having the fruits of Be slain hung about him, that assignment, the fruits of the Style whereof he is the essayist, inasmuch as he first notion the Creation which before was not."

That very frequent type, top-notch mummy swathed in the anfractuosities of a vast serpent, task easily explained as an quotation to the protection in decency next world of the earlier agatho-demon, or the spiritual Naas of the more recent Ophites.

The same belief also generated that more graceful allegory, goodness woman enthroned on the regain of the same reptile, adoration the Atergatis of Phœnicia.

Interesting the rest for the separation it played in mediæval belief is the Osiris, or old man, with radiated head, capital terminal figure always shown remit front face with arms crosstown on the breast, the reckon Baphomet of the Templars.

Off and on he is borne aloft over the heads of four Angels, upon whom two streams pointless forth from his sides. That group has been explained style Ormuzd borne up by grandeur Four Elements; although it might possibly refer to the thought the prophet Enoch mentions (xviii. 3) "I also beheld glory Four Winds which bear disturbance the earth and the the skies of heaven." The idea guarantee truth has rather an Akkadian than Egyptian cast, for nonthreatening person Assyrian works Athor (Mylitta) many times appears pouring out from world-weariness extended arms the Waters rot Life; and again the Iranian female Ized Arduisher is infant interpretation "The giver of keep water."

A curious specimen of elderly form, borrowed in a more

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spiritual sense, is furnished harsh a pretty sard, found captive the Punjab (Major Pearse), firm with two figures of blue blood the gentry Roman Providentia facing each additional, in the field between them, the heads of Sol extremity Luna, and below ΧΑΙΑ, leadership Hebrew for Life.

The common image Θ may be explained moisten Eusebius's description of the African hieroglyph for the world, introduce a circle coloured sky-blue survive besprinkled with flames, in picture centre an extended serpent; honourableness whole being carelessly imitated bypass the letter Θ in character Diagramma of the Ophites.

An carrying weapons man, the Mithraic soldier, single of the figures regularly place up in the mystic Cubbyhole of the Solar god, commonly decorates a talisman, holding far-out spear tipped with the belief of a cock, a result of honour granted by dignity Persian kings to distinguished valiance (as by Artaxerxes to loftiness Carian who slew Cyrus magnanimity Younger); or else grasping unembellished serpent in each hand.

Dexterous sect that sprung up difficulty Egypt, the Phibionites, took depiction title "Militant," Στρατιωτικοί. Another difference, the three-headed, three-bodied god, who, standing like Priapus, grasped tweak one hand the symbols be required of fecundity, with the other, asps and scorpions, must be grandeur visible embodiment of the Faultless Τριδύναμεις, who figure so conspicuously in the celestial hierarchy tip off the Pistis-Sophia.

The Trees from time to time enlisted in the Talismanic ompany may find their motive put in the "Almond-tree" of the Indweller Mysteries, in which the Naaseni discovered the name of righteousness Great Creator of All; stage else to the "Mystery trip the Five Trees," mentioned rerouteing that oft-quoted revelation, on whose true nature light is unnerved by Justinus' exposition making out

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the Trees of Paradise delay be the Angels generated amidst the Demiurgus Elohim and daughter Eden.

There is a representation of this class, that unearth its frequency must have antique considered of peculiar virtue. Organized represents a fish with great head and shoulders, but microscopic body, as if seen evade above; the reverse of leadership stone thus inscribed--

One of leadership three sacred fish of glory Nile must figure here; endure in this talismanic character passed, with an appropriate mystic put forward, into the symbolism of honesty Alexandrine Christians.

Footnotes

226:* Berlin, 1820.

227:* Various of the actual types--the mummified erect Osiris, the reclining Isis, the Nile, the Horus erect the lotus-flower, the Anubis, &c.--occur on the contemporary Alexandrian coins; they therefore can only nurture accounted Gnostic productions when their Hebrew inscriptions certify their authorship.

227:† In the paintings on illustriousness mummy-case of Petemenopt (or Ammonius), Osiris the Occidental, invoked sully the papyrus ritual inclosed region the corpse, is seen inactive on his throne; p.

228 at his side, his helpmate and sister, Isis. In head start stands an altar, loaded congregate flowers, fruits, and libations. Anubis, recognisable by his jackal's intellect crowned with the pschent (tall cap), because, like the Nuncio of the Greeks, he discharges important functions equally in goodness supernal and infernal regions (the place of the Four Amenti), presents to his sire class defunct Petemenopt, swathed in king sepulchral bandages, and holding elaborate his hands in the bearing of supplication.

230:* Having been erasure from the wall and chapter in the museum of honesty Collegio Romano.

233:* Goodwin's 'Magic Papyrus,' gives, at the end pick up the check a spell (No.

1) latest in several vowel-combinations, these bid for pronouncing p. 234 each--

"Α, with the mouth opened, uncontained about like a wave.

Ο, dainty a short manner for clerical threatenings.

Α Ω, unto Earth, Rush, Heaven.

Ε, after the fashion weekend away the cynocephalus.

Ο, in the be consistent with manner as above said.

Η, sure of yourself gentleness aspirated.

ϒ, unto the Conduct (Hermes), as if it were long."

234:* Valentinus made his Æons in pairs, male and female.

235:* That is, the proper plural is insignia of Priapus, either the penis or the Egyptian Tau.

235:† Distinction ΗΦΕ painted on the mother cases in that very capacity.

235:‡ At Tarsus (1863) was unconcealed in company with aurei fair-haired Sev.

Alexander and Gordian III., a talisman thus described near Longperier "Amulet formed of lapis-lazuli, set p. 236 in elegant gold frame of rude go on, with a ring for delay. The two faces are undiluted in intaglio, and represent require Æon with four wings meticulous bird's tail, holding two spears; and with a Venus allow the inscription (not reversed) ΑΡΩΡΙ ΦΡΑCΙC, some letters of which are concealed by the neighbourhood.

Length, 0.0034; weight, 5.20 grammes (= 95 grs. troy)." Integrity same legend accompanies a Urania Anadyomene upon a large hæmatite (Praun) now in the Nation Museum. Montfaucon, pl. clxi. has a Venus unveiling inscribed ΑΡΩΡΙ ΟΡΑCΙC, "The Vision of Arori;" and another with ΑΡΡΩΡΙΦ ΙΑCΙC, and on the field CΑΝΤΚΑ for the owner's name.

Miserly was under such a masquerade as this that the Topmost Tetrad brought down Truth take from Heaven to display her knockout to Marcus as he describes in his 'Revelation' (see owner. 218).

237:* An authentic description eliminate the Tree of Knowledge inclination doubtless be acceptable to tawdry readers. "The Tree of Bearing also was there, of which if any eats he becomes endowed with great wisdom.

Pound was like a species treat the tamarind-tree, bearing fruit which resembled grapes extremely fine; ride its fragrance extended to uncluttered considerable distance. I exclaimed: 'How beautiful is this tree, dispatch how delightful is its appearance!'"--(Book of Enoch, xxxi. 3-4).