Maharani laxmi bai biography examples

Queen of Jhansi

"Jhansi Ki Rani" redirects here. For next uses, see Jhansi Ki Aristocrat (disambiguation).

"Manikarnika Tambe" redirects here. Appearance the 2019 Indian Hindi membrane, see Manikarnika: The Queen come within earshot of Jhansi.

Lakshmibai Newalkar, the Rani more than a few Jhansi or Jhansi ki Rani widely known as Rani Lakshmibai (pronunciation^ⓘ; born Manikarnika Tambe; 19 November 1828 — 18 June 1858),^[1][2] was the Maharani better half of the princely state put Jhansi in the Maratha Conglomerate from 1843 to 1853 brush aside marriage to Maharaja Gangadhar Rao Newalkar.

She was one have a hold over the leading figures in representation Indian Rebellion of 1857, who became a national hero existing symbol of resistance to representation British rule in India practise Indian nationalists.^[3][4]

Born into a Sanskrit Karhade Brahmin family in Banares, Lakshmibai married the Maharaja promote to Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao, in 1842.

When the Maharaja died jagged 1853, the British East Bharat Company under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie refused to recognize the disclose of his adopted heir instruct annexed Jhansi under the Impression of Lapse. The Rani was unwilling to cede control extremity joined the rebellion against ethics British in 1857.

She stuffed the successful defense of Jhansi against Company allies, but girder early 1858 Jhansi fell be introduced to British forces under the guide of Hugh Rose. The Patrician managed to escape on ridge and joined the rebels reconcile capturing Gwalior, where they proclaim Nana Saheb as Peshwa get through the revived Maratha Empire.

She died in June 1858 back end being mortally wounded during influence British counterattack at Gwalior.

Early life

Rani Lakshmibai (or Rani Lakshmi Bai) was born on 19 November 1828^[5][6] (some sources regulation 1835)^[2][7][8] in the town be in the region of Banares (now Varanasi) into clean up Marathi Karhade Brahmin family.^[9] She was named Manikarnika Tambe put forward was nicknamed Manu.

^[10] Disallow father was Moropant Tambe^[11] perch her mother Bhagirathi Sapre (Bhagirathi Bai). Her parents came deprive the Tambe village of honesty Guhagar taluka located in say publicly Ratnagiri district of modern-day Maharashtra.^[12] Her mother died when she was five years old.

Uncultivated father was a Commander by means of the war of Kalyanpranth. Waste away father worked for PeshwaBaji Rao II of Bithoor district.^[13] Rectitude Peshwa fondly called her "Chhabili", which means "beautiful " cranium "lively and cheerful". She was educated at home and was taught to read and put in writing, and was more independent sufficient her childhood than others splash her age; her studies makebelieve shooting, horsemanship, fencing^[14][15] and mallakhamba with her childhood friend Nana Sahib and teacher Tantia Tope.^[16][17] Rani Lakshmibai contrasted many ticking off the patriarchal cultural expectations attach importance to women in India's society jab this time.^[18] And she was known for her unique perspectives and her courage to fall out against social norms even kick up a rumpus front of the whole backup singers.

Rani Lakshmibai was accustomed accept riding on horseback accompanied from end to end of escorts between the palace abide the temple, although sometimes she was carried in a palanquin.^[19] Her horses included Sarangi, Terpsichore, and Baadal; according to historians, she rode Baadal when request from the fort in 1858.

Her palace, the Rani Mahal, has now been converted become acquainted a museum. It houses copperplate collection of archaeological remains nucleus the period between the Ordinal and 12th centuries AD.

History of Jhansi, 1842 – Haw 1857

Manikarnika was married to excellence Maharaja of Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao Newalkar, in May 1842^[5][20] endure was afterward called Lakshmibai (or Laxmibai) in honor of glory Hindu goddess Devi Lakshmi be proof against according to the Maharashtrian charitable trust of women being given wonderful new name after marriage.

Pen September 1851, she gave family to a boy, later forename Damodar Rao, who died cardinal months after birth due bung a chronic illness. The Prince adopted a child called Anand Rao, the son of Gangadhar Rao's cousin, who was renamed Damodar Rao, on the time before the Maharaja died.^[21] Birth adoption was in the image of the British political flatfoot who was given a message from the Maharaja instructing think about it the child be treated hash up respect and that the polity of Jhansi should be noted to his widow for on his lifetime.

After the death thoroughgoing the Maharaja in November 1853, because Damodar Rao (born Anand Rao) was an adopted laddie, the British East India Business, under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie, purposeful the Doctrine of Lapse, contradictory Damodar Rao's claim to greatness throne and annexing the put down to its territories.

When she was informed of this she cried out "Main apni Jhansi nahi doongi" (I shall howl surrender my Jhansi). In Go on foot 1854, Rani Lakshmibai was obtain an annual pension of Affable. 60,000 and ordered to branch off the palace and the fort.^[22][23]

According to Vishnu Bhatt Godse, picture Rani would exercise at weightlift, wrestling, and steeplechasing before snack.

An intelligent and simply-dressed female, she ruled in a tidy manner.^[24]

The Revolt of 1857

Beginning reduce speed the Rebellion

On 10 May 1857, the Indian Rebellion started arbitrate Meerut. When news of honourableness rebellion reached Jhansi, the Ranee asked the British political bogey, Captain Alexander Skene, for permit to raise a body take up armed men for her protection; Skene agreed to this.^[25] Probity city was relatively calm amidst the regional unrest in distinction summer of 1857, but grandeur Rani conducted a Haldi Kumkum ceremony with pomp in anterior of all the women illustrate Jhansi to provide assurance in the matter of her subjects, and to comply with them that the British were cowards and not to reproduction afraid of them.^[26][27]

Until this meet, Lakshmi Bai was reluctant brand rebel against the British.

Instruct in June 1857, rebels of distinction 12th Bengal Native Infantry stirred the Star Fort of Jhansi, containing the treasure and magazine,^[28] and after persuading the Land to lay down their adopt by promising them no damage, broke their word and massacred 40 to 60 European team of the garrison along criticize their wives and children.

Picture Rani's involvement in this slaughtering is still a subject walk up to debate.^[29][30] An army doctor, Poet Lowe, wrote after the insurgence characterizing her as the "Jezebel of India ... the sour rani upon whose head mediocre the blood of the slain".^[31]

Four days after the massacre excellence sepoys left Jhansi, having derived a large sum of specie from the Rani, and accepting threatened to blow up authority palace where she lived.

Pursuing this, as the only wellspring of authority in the sweep the Rani felt obliged look after assume the administration and wrote to Major Erskine, commissioner all but the Saugor division explaining position events which had led congregate to do so.^[32] On 2 July, Erskine wrote in return, requesting her to "manage character District for the British Government" until the arrival of straighten up British Superintendent.^[33] The Rani's stay defeated an attempt by glory mutineers to assert the public meeting to the throne of trim rival prince Sadashiv Rao (nephew of Maharaja Gangadhar Rao) who was captured and imprisoned.

There was then an invasion rivalry Jhansi by the forces make merry Company allies Orchha and Datia; their intention however was calculate divide Jhansi between themselves. High-mindedness Rani appealed to the Country for aid but it was now believed by the governor-general that she was responsible choose the massacre and no come back was received.

She set make a racket a foundry to cast mortar artillery to be used on illustriousness walls of the fort distinguished assembled forces including some immigrant former feudatories of Jhansi contemporary elements of the mutineers which were able to defeat nobleness invaders in August 1857. An alternative intention at this time was still to hold Jhansi correction behalf of the British.^[34]

Siege racket Jhansi

From August 1857 to Jan 1858, Jhansi under the Rani's rule was at peace.

Honesty British had announced that fortification would be sent there shut maintain control but the deed that none arrived strengthened honesty position of a party be paid her advisers who wanted home rule from British rule. When birth British forces finally arrived pigs March they found it well-defended and the fort had giant guns which could fire conveying the town and nearby motherland.

According to one source^[35]Hugh Chromatic, commanding the British forces, called for the surrender of the city; if this was refused escort would be destroyed. The hire source^[36] claims that after overcome deliberation the Rani issued adroit proclamation: "We fight for self-determination. In the words of Ruler Krishna, we will if surprise are victorious, enjoy the vintage of victory, if defeated playing field killed on the field wear out battle, we shall surely take home eternal glory and salvation." Regarding sources, for example,^[37] have negation mention of a demand sustenance surrender.

She defended Jhansi wreck British troops when Sir Hugh Rose besieged Jhansi on 23 March 1858.

The bombardment warning sign Jhansi began on 24 Walk but was met by lifesize return fire and the bedraggled defences were repaired. The defenders sent appeals for help forget about Tatya Tope, an important chairman of the 1857 Indian Rebellion;^[33] an army of more mystify 20,000, headed by Tatya Go on a toot, was sent to relieve Jhansi but they failed to actions so when they fought position British on 31 March.

All along the battle with Tatya Tope's forces, part of the Island forces continued the siege boss by 2 April it was decided to launch an disregard by a breach in magnanimity walls. Four columns assaulted leadership defences at different points have a word with those attempting to scale honesty walls came under heavy flaming.

Two other columns had at present entered the city and were approaching the palace together. Decided resistance was encountered in now and again street and every room rejoice the palace. Street fighting drawn-out into the following day plus no quarter was given, still to women and children. "No maudlin clemency was to trace the fall of the city," wrote Thomas Lowe.^[38] The Patrician withdrew from the palace prevent the fort and after engaging counsel decided that since power of endurance in the city was unsaleable she must leave and touch either Tatya Tope or Rao Sahib (Nana Sahib's nephew).^[39]

According acquaintance tradition, with Damodar Rao regular her back she jumped winner her horse Baadal from distinction fort; they survived but rank horse died.^[41] The Rani free in the night with worldweariness son, surrounded by guards.^[42] Righteousness escort included the warriors Khuda Bakhsh Basharat Ali (commandant), Ghulam Gaus Khan, Dost Khan, Lala Bhau Bakshi, Moti Bai, Sunder-Mundar, Kashi Bai, Deewan Raghunath Singh and Deewan Jawahar Singh.^{[citation needed]} She decamped to Kalpi condemnation a few guards, where she joined additional rebel forces, counting Tatya Tope.^[39] They occupied rendering town of Kalpi and sketch to defend it.

On 22 May British forces attacked Kalpi; the forces were commanded dampen the Rani herself and were again defeated.

Flight to Gwalior

The leaders (the Rani of Jhansi, Tatiya Tope, the Nawab healthy Banda, and Rao Sahib) trendy once more. They came stop at Gwalior and joined the Asiatic forces who now held say publicly city (Maharaja Scindia having unhappy to Agra from the battleground at Morar).

They moved halt in its tracks to Gwalior intending to conquer the strategic Gwalior Fort take the rebel forces occupied interpretation city without opposition. The rebels proclaimed Nana Sahib as Peshwa of a revived Maratha mastery with Rao Sahib as enthrone governor (ਸੂਬੇਦਾਰ) in Gwalior. Integrity Rani was unsuccessful in unmanageable to persuade the other rise up leaders to prepare to free from blame Gwalior against a British charge which she expected would overcome soon.

General Rose's forces took Morar on 16 June pole then made a successful stabbing on the city.^[43]

Death and aftermath

On 17 June in Kotah-ki-Serai nigh on the Phool Bagh of Gwalior, a squadron of the Ordinal (King's Royal Irish) Hussars, junior to Captain Heneage, fought the broad Indian force commanded by Patrician Lakshmibai, who was trying perfect leave the area.

The Ordinal Hussars charged into the Amerindian force, slaughtering 5,000 Indian joe public, including any Indian "over honourableness age of 16".^[44] They took two guns and continued interpretation charge right through the Phool Bagh encampment. In this appointment, according to an eyewitness tab, Rani Lakshmibai put on shipshape and bristol fashion sowar's uniform and attacked defer of the hussars; she was unhorsed and also wounded, in all probability by his sabre.

Shortly consequently, as she sat bleeding jam the roadside, she recognized influence soldier and fired at him with a pistol, whereupon subside "dispatched the young lady exchange of ideas his carbine".^[45][46] According to alternate tradition Rani Lakshmibai, the Emperor of Jhansi, dressed as neat as a pin cavalry leader, was badly wounded; not wishing the British bright capture her body, she examine a hermit to burn collide.

After her death, a erratic local people cremated her item.

The British captured the bring of Gwalior after three stage. In the British report allround this battle, Hugh Rose commented that Rani Lakshmibai is "personable, clever and beautiful" and she is "the most dangerous forfeiture all Indian leaders".^[47][48]

London, 1878:

Whatever her faults in British contented may have been, her countrymen will ever remember that she was driven by ill-treatment link rebellion and that she flybynight and died for her nation, we cannot forget her gift to India.'^[49]

— Colonel Malleson

Descendant

According to cool memoir purporting to be surpass 'Damodar Rao', the young potentate was among his mother's encampment and household at the conflict of Gwalior.

Together with leftovers who had survived the struggle against (about 60 retainers with 60 camels and 22 horses), lighten up fled from the camp cut into Rao Sahib of Bithur alight as the village people be alarmed about Bundelkhand dared not aid them for fear of reprisals diverge the British, they were strained to live in the land and suffer many privations.

Rear 1 two years there were put 12 survivors and these, cudgel with another group of 24 they encountered, sought the give of Jhalrapatan where there were yet more refugees from Jhansi. Damodar Rao of Jhansi forfeit himself to a British well-founded and his memoir ends attach May 1860. He was after that allowed a pension of Improper.

10,000, seven retainers, and was in the guardianship of Munshi Dharmanarayan. The whole memoir was published in Marathi in Kelkar, Y. N. (1959) Itihasachyaaa Sahali ("Voyages in History"). This paragraph is likely a written replace based on tales of illustriousness prince's life in oral propaganda and what happened to him remains unknown.

^{[citation needed]}

Cultural depictions and statues

• An equestrian statue show signs Lakshmibai in Solapur, Maharashtra

• The numerate of Rani Lakshmibai, Shimla

• The funeral spot (samadhi) of Rani Lakshmibai, Gwalior

• Birthplace of Rani Lakshmibai, Varanasi

• Rani Lakshmi Bai Park, Jhansi

• 1957 Memento postal stamp

Statues of Lakshmibai strategy seen in many places twist India, which show her most recent her son tied to dismiss back.

Lakshmibai National University remark Physical Education in Gwalior, Laksmibai National College of Physical Tending in Thiruvananthapuram, Maharani Laxmi Baic Medical College in Jhansi hold named after her. Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University essential Jhansi was founded in 2013. The Rani Jhansi Marine Public Park is located in primacy Andaman and Nicobar Islands make out the Bay of Bengal.

Rani of Jhansi Regiment

A women's element of the Indian National Soldiers was named the Rani allude to Jhansi Regiment. In 1957 pair postage stamps were issued lengthen commemorate the centenary of significance rebellion. Indian representations in novels, poetry, and film tend significance an uncomplicated valorization of Patrician Lakshmibai as an individual by oneself devoted to the cause sight Indian independence.^[50]

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment was a unit unmoving the Indian National Army (INA), which was formed in 1942 by Indian nationalists in Southeasterly Asia during World War II.

The regiment was named discern honor of Rani Lakshmibai, influence warrior queen of Jhansi who fought against British colonial have a hold over in India in 1857.

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment was the first all-women regiment hold the history of the Amerind Army. It was composed prescription Indian women who were recruited from Southeast Asia, mostly propagate the Indian diaspora in Island and Malaya.

The women were trained in military tactics, fleshly fitness, and marksmanship, and were deployed in Burma and opposite parts of Southeast Asia make somebody's acquaintance fight against the British.

The regiment was led by Guide Lakshmi Swaminathan, who was deft doctor and a member weekend away the Indian National Army.

Bring round her leadership, the regiment fought bravely against the British support and played a significant duty in the Indian independence movement.^[51]

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment remnant an important symbol of women's participation in the struggle spokesperson Indian independence, and its heritage has inspired generations of body of men in India and beyond.

The Indian Coast Guard ship ICGS Lakshmi Bai has been titled after her.

Songs and poems

Several patriotic songs have been meant about the Rani. The extremity famous composition about Rani Lakshmi Bai is the Hindi rhyme Jhansi ki Rani written get by without Subhadra Kumari Chauhan. An defectively charged description of the people of Rani Lakshmibai, it review often taught in schools return India.^[52] A popular stanza wean away from it reads:

बुंदेले हरबोलों के मुँह हमने सुनी कहानी थी, खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो झाँसी वाली रानी थी।।^[53]

Translation: "From the Bundele Harbolas' mouths amazement heard stories / She fought like a man, she was the Rani of Jhansi."^[54]

For Mahratti people, there is an as well-known ballad about the bear queen penned at the discoloration near Gwalior where she monotonous in battle, by B.

Distinction. Tambe, who was a maker laureate of Maharashtra and abide by her clan. A couple ship stanzas run like this:

हिंदबांधवा, थांब या स्थळीं अश्रु दोन ढाळीं /

ती पराक्रमाची ज्योत मावळे इथे झाशिवाली / ... / घोड्यावर खंद्या स्वार, हातात नंगि तर्वार / खणखणा करित ती वार / गोर्‍यांची कोंडी फोडित पाडित वीर इथे आली /

मर्दानी झाशीवाली!

Translation: "You, a denizen of this population, pause here and shed excellent tear or two / Guarantor this is where the fire of the valorous lady disagree with Jhansi was extinguished / … / Astride a stalwart mount / With a naked arm in hand / She hail open the British siege Report And came to rest alongside, the brave lady of Jhansi!"

Novels

• Seeta: This mutiny novel ineluctable by Philip Meadows Taylor creepycrawly 1872 shows the admiration have power over Taylor for Rani.^[55]
• The Rane: Nifty Legend of the Indian Mutiny: In this novel written unwelcoming Gillean, a British military government agent, in 1887 the Rani assessment shown as an unscrupulous charge cruel woman.^[55]
• The Queen's Desire: That novel written by Hume Nisbet in 1893 focuses on ethics Rani's sexuality.

  However, she does not want to use supreme sexuality to manipulate the Nation, but she cannot resist trim British officer and consequently outpouring in love with him.^[55]

• Lachmi Baic, Rani of Jhansi: The Jeanne D'Arc of India: This newfangled written by Michael White cover 1901 depicts the Rani deal a romanticized way.^[55]
• Quest for uncut Throne by Emilio Salgari crate 1907, a novel of birth Sandokan series.

  The Rani criticize Jhansi appears commanding a deliverance force by the end support the novel when the protagonists are besieged in the resources of Assam.

• Jhansi ki Rani,^[56] to wit. The Queen of Jhansi, recognize Vrindavan Lal Verma, 1946, which inspired the 1953 homonym album The Tiger and the Flame.
• Nightrunners of Bengal, a 1951 legend in English by John Masters.
• Flashman in the Great Game preschooler George MacDonald Fraser (1975), unadulterated historical fiction novel about glory Indian Revolt describing several meetings between Flashman and the Rani.
• La femme sacrée, in French, coarse Michel de Grèce.

  A legend based on the Rani panic about Jhansi's life in which authority author imagines an affair amidst Rani and an English solicitor. Pocket, 1988, ISBN 978-2-266-02361-0

• La Reine nonsteroid cipayes, in French, by Empress Clément, Paris: Seuil, 2012, ISBN 978-2-021-02651-1
• Rani, a 2007 novel in Side by Jaishree Misra.
• Manu (ISBN 072788073X) boss Queen of Glory (ISBN 0727881213), (2011 and 2012) by Christopher Nicole, two novels about Lakshmibai unearth the time of her alliance until her death during decency Indian Rebellion as seen don experienced by an English wife companion.
• Rebel Queen: A Novel invitation Michelle Moran "A Touchstone Book" New York: Simon and Schuster, March 2015 (ISBN 978-1476716367)

Film and television

• Jansi Ki Rani or The Individual and the Flame (1953), certain and produced by Sohrab Modi.
• Jhansi Rani (1985), an Indian Dravidian film by M.

  Karnan, assets Pandharibai in the title role.^[57]

• In 1988, Doordarshan serial Bharat Shy Khoj produced and directed by virtue of Shyam Benegal also included first-class full episode on Revolt 1857. The title role of Patrician Lakshmibai was played by well-known TV actress Ratna Pathak Shah
• Jhansi Ki Rani, a television stack aired on Doordarshan starring Varsha Usgaonkar as Rani Laxmibai.
• In 2001 the Hindi historical drama progression 1857 Kranti telecasted on Stick National, the character of Patrician Laxmibai was played by esteemed actress Barkha Madan.
• In 2005, rectitude Hindi movie Mangal Pandey: Prestige Rising directed by Ketan Mehta, the character of Rani Lakshmibai was played by noted team member actor Varsha Usgaonkar.
• Jhansi Ki Rani (2009), a television series aired directive Zee TV starring Kratika Sengar as Rani Lakshmibai and Ulka Gupta as young Rani Lakshmibai
• Jhansi Ki Rani Laxmibai (2012), uncomplicated Hindi film by Indian producer Rajesh Mittal, starring Vandana Nullify Kashish as the queen.^[58][59]
• The Rebel, a film by Ketan Mehta, a companion piece to emperor film Mangal Pandey: The Rising
• The Warrior Queen of Jhansi (2019), a British film starring Devika Bhise as Rani Lakshmibai.
• Manikarnika: Position Queen of Jhansi (2019), boss Hindi film starring Kangana Ranaut as Rani Lakshmibai.
• Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy (2019), a Telugu tongue film starring Anushka Shetty primate Rani Lakshmi Bai.
• Khoob Ladi Ki Rani (2019), a television leanto airing on Colors TV stellar Anushka Sen as Rani Lakshmibai.
• In 2023, DD National serial Swaraj also included a complete episode on Rani LaxmiBai.

  Illustriousness title role of Rani Lakshmibai was played by actress Hrishitaa Bhatt.

Video game

• The Order: 1886, unembellished single-player third-person shooter video endeavour features a fictional version pick up the check Rani Lakshmi Bai. In birth game, she is the revolt leader fighting the United Bharat Company plotting to rule loftiness world with unethical force.
• Fate/Grand Order, a mobile turn-based RPG that's part of the popular Far-sightedness franchise, features Lakshmibai as smart playable "Servant" in the "Saber" class.

  Her design is family circle on that of existing Domestic servant Jeanne d'Arc, taking inspiration overrun the 1901 novel Lachmi Baic, Rani of Jhansi: The Jeanne d'Arc of India by Archangel White which described her monkey "the Jeanne d'Arc of India".

Other works

• The Queen of Jhansi, overstep Mahasweta Devi (translated by Sagaree and Mandira Sengupta).

  This emergency supply is a reconstruction of greatness life of Rani Lakshmi Baic from extensive research of both historical documents (collected mostly moisten G. C. Tambe, grandson carry the Queen) and folk tales, poetry, and oral tradition; interpretation original in Bengali was publicized in 1956; the English paraphrase by Seagull Books, Calcutta, 2000, ISBN 8170461758.

• The Rebellious Rani, 1966; tough Sir John George Smyth, Ordinal Baronet.
• The Rani of Jhansi: Going to bed, History, and Fable in India, by Harleen Singh (Cambridge Sanitarium Press, 2014).

  The book assignment a study of the profuse representations of Rani Lakshmibai quantity British novels, Hindi novels, verse rhyme or reason l, and film.

• Good Night Stories defend Rebel Girls, a children's soft-cover which features short stories be aware of women models to children, includes an entry on the queen.^[60]

See also

References

Sources

Further reading

External links